Nduku abụghị naanị isi iyi carbohydrate nri maka ụmụ mmadụ, kamakwa isi iyi starch maka ọtụtụ ngwa ụlọ ọrụ. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị A&M AgriLife Texas na-amụ ka ha ga-esi gbanwee nha nke mkpụrụ ndụ starch abụọ na poteto - amylose na amylopectin - iji mụbaa nri nri na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji poteto waxy nwere nnukwu amylopectin na-emepụta bioplastics, ihe mgbakwunye nri, nrapado, na mmanya.
Akwụkwọ abụọ e bipụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na International Journal of Molecular Sciences and Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture na-enyocha otú nkà na ụzụ CRISPR nwere ike isi meziwanye ojiji nduku.
Akwụkwọ abụọ a gụnyere ọrụ Stephanie Toinga, Ph.D., bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ nyocha nke Kirti Rathor, Ph.D., AgriLife Plant Biotechnologist na Texas A&M Plant Genomics na Biotechnology Institute na Ngalaba Ala. Onye na-akwado akwụkwọ abụọ ahụ bụ Isabelle Weils, PhD, AgriLife Research potato breeder na Texas A&M Department of Horticultural Science.
"Ozi na ihe ọmụma anyị nwetara site na ọmụmụ ihe abụọ a ga-enyere anyị aka iwebata àgwà ndị ọzọ a na-achọsi ike n'ime ihe ọkụkụ a dị oke mkpa," ka Rathor kwuru.
Eziokwu nduku
A na-akụ nduku n'ihe karịrị mba 160 na nde acres 40,8 ma bụrụ nri bụ isi maka ihe karịrị otu ijeri mmadụ.
Nduku dị obere nwere ihe dị ka calorie 160, nke sitere na starch, ka Rathor na-ekwu, nke mere tubers ji bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na-enye ume maka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa. Nduku nwekwara ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa, gụnyere vitamin na mineral.
Starch bụ isi mkpa maka ma nri nri na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ starch dị na tubers nduku bụ isi ihe na-ekpebi iji nduku.
A na-ejikarị poteto starch dị elu eme nri edoziri dị ka fries french, ibe na poteto a mịrị amị, Wales kwuru.
A na-ejikarị poteto starch dị obere na nke ọkara eme ihe dị ka poteto okpokoro, ọ na-ekwu. Maka oriri ọhụrụ nke tubers, ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa bụ ọdịdị nke tuber, gụnyere ọdịdị akpụkpọ ahụ, ụcha akpụkpọ ahụ, agba anụ ahụ, na ọdịdị tuber. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ụdị poteto pụrụ iche nke ụdị dị iche iche apụtawo, dị ka nwa ọhụrụ; na-acha uhie uhie, odo odo ma ọ bụ odo akpụkpọ anụ na anụ na-aghọ ewu ewu n'ihi na ha dị mfe nke nkwadebe na ụba nutritional uru.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e nwere ike ịmepụta ethanol site na starch nduku maka mmanụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya; ihe eji dochie plastik biodegradable; ma ọ bụ adhesives, binders, texturizing agents and fillers for the pharmaceutical, textiles, wood and paper industries and other sector of the economy.
Maka ngwa mmepụta ihe, ọ dị mkpa ịtụle ego na ụdị starch na poteto.
Toinga kwenyere na nnukwu amylopectin starches bụ ihe a na-achọsi ike maka nri na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ndị ọzọ n'ihi njirimara ọrụ ha pụrụ iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, starch ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ụdị ọkacha mmasị maka iji mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro na ihe siri ike na nri yana dị ka emulsifier na akwa salad. N'ihi nkwụsi ike ya na-agbaze, amylopectin starch na-eji na nri oyi kpọnwụrụ. Na mgbakwunye, poteto bara ụba na starch amylopectin na-emepụta ọkwa ethanol dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere poteto na starch ndị ọzọ.
Uru nke ịmụba nduku na starch ahọpụtara
Toinga kwuru na ịzụlite ụdị nduku nwere starch emezigharịrị nwere ike imepe ohere ọhụrụ. Nduku ndị nwere amylopectin dị elu yana obere amylose, dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke Yukon Gold nke ọ kọwara na International Journal of Molecular Sciences, nwere ọrụ mmepụta ihe karịrị ojiji ọdịnala ha.
N'ụzọ dị iche, poteto nwere ọkwa amylose dị elu na amylopectin dị ala ga-achọsi ike maka oriri mmadụ, Wales kwuru. Amylose na-eme dị ka eriri na anaghị ahapụ glucose ngwa ngwa dị ka amylopectin, na-ebute mbelata glycemic index na-eme ka poteto dịkwuo ụtọ maka ndị nwere ọrịa shuga.
CRISPR/Cas9 na-emepụta ohere ọhụrụ
Teknụzụ CRISPR/Cas9 agbasawanyela igbe ngwaọrụ dị maka ndị na-azụ anụ ma na-enye ụzọ ozugbo na ngwa ngwa iji tinye àgwà ndị a na-achọsi ike n'ụdị ihe ọkụkụ a ma ama, Weils kwuru. Ịzụlite omenala bụ usoro dị ogologo nke nwere ike were afọ 10-15.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, n'ihi ọdịdị dị mgbagwoju anya nke genome nduku, ịmepụta ụdị ọhụrụ nwere àgwà ziri ezi nke àgwà a na-achọsi ike bụ ihe ịma aka maka ịzụlite omenala, o kwuru. Teknụzụ molecular amụbaala arụmọrụ nke nhọrọ, yana ndezi mkpụrụ ndụ site na iji teknụzụ CRISPR/Cas9 na-agbakwunye mgbagwoju anya ọzọ.
Yukon Gold dị iche iche emelitere
N'ime ụdị nduku dị iche iche a tụlere na ọmụmụ nke mbụ, Yukon Gold megharịrị nke kachasị mma, ya mere ejiri ya mee ihe na ọmụmụ ihe nke abụọ. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ nduku nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya nke amylopectin na obere ọdịnaya nke amylose na starch.
"Otu n'ime osisi ndị a kụrụ akụ, T2-7, gosipụtara uto nkịtị na njirimara mkpụrụ mana ọ nweghị amylose kpamkpam," Toinga kwuru.
Tuber starch, T2-7, nwere ngwa mmepụta ihe na akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ textile dị ka nrapado / ihe nkedo, bioplastic, na ethanol mmepụta. The tuber starch nke a nnwale sample, n'ihi na ọ na-eguzogide kefriza na thawing na-enweghị mkpa nke kemịkal mgbanwe, kwesịkwara bara uru na mmepụta nke oyi kpọnwụrụ nri. Nduku nwere amylopectin dị ka naanị ụdị starch kwesịrị inyekwu ethanol maka iji ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ma ọ bụ mepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya.
Dị ka nzọụkwụ ọzọ na ọmụmụ ihe ndị a, accession T2-7 bụ onye na-emetọ onwe ya ma gafere ya na ụdị onyinye Yukon Gold na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta poteto iji kpochapụ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe.