Ala: 95,5 puku square km
Ọnụ ọgụgụ: 2 nde 709 puku mmadụ
Ọnọdụ ala: Mpaghara a dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Western Siberia. N'ebe ugwu ya na mpaghara Tomsk, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Krasnoyarsk Territory na Republic of Khakassia, na ndịda na Republic of Gorny Altai na Altai Territory, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Novosibirsk mpaghara.
Ihu Igwe nkọ kọntinent. Oge oyi na-atụ na ogologo oge, oge okpomọkụ dị mkpụmkpụ na ọkụ. Nkezi ikuku ikuku kwa ọnwa na Jenụwarị sitere na -18 ruo -22°C, na Julaị site na +17°C ruo +22°C. Okpomọkụ ikuku na-erute uru kachasị elu n'oge okpomọkụ (+ 38 Celsius C), nke kachasị ala n'oge oyi (n'ebe ndịda nke mpaghara ruo -54 ° C, n'ebe ugwu ruo -57 ° C). Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri ozuzo sitere na 300 ruo 500 mm kwa afọ, na mpaghara ugwu - ruo 900 mm kwa afọ.
Enyemaka: Mpaghara ahụ nwere ugwu-taiga, oke ọhịa-steppe na odida obodo. N'ebe ugwu nke mpaghara ahụ bụ akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke West Siberian Plain, ọwụwa anyanwụ na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ugwu Kuznetsk Alatau, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ bụ Salair Ridge, ndịda bụ ugwu ugwu nke Mountain Shoria, akụkụ etiti bụ Kuznetsk Basin.
Ala: Ụdị enyemaka dị iche iche na ihu igwe na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche nke ala na ihe ọkụkụ. Mpaghara kachasị ukwuu bụ ụdị ala soddy-podzolic dị iche iche; chernozems na-abụkarị na Kuznetsk Basin.
Ala ubi ebe a na-akọ ugbo: Nde hectare 2,66, nke nde hectare 1,47 bụ ala ubi.
SEASON 2017. UMUAKA NA YIELD UGO
N'afọ 2017, ebe a na-akụ nduku na mpaghara Kemerovo bụ hectare 45,7, nnukwu owuwe ihe ubi bụ puku tọn 723 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 158 c/ha. Dị ka ndị a si na ọnụ ọgụgụ e gosipụtara, mmepụta nduku tụnyere 2015-2016. mụbara site na 3% yana mmụba na nkezi mkpụrụ site na 13%.
Ugbu a, ugbo 41 na-arụ ọrụ na-akụ poteto na mpaghara Kemerovo. Mana ihe ka ukwuu nke owuwe ihe ubi (pasent 76) na-abịa site n'ugbo nkeonwe nke ụmụ amaala. Dị ka na Russia dum, na Kuzbass enwere ọchịchọ n'etiti ndị mmadụ iji belata ebe a na-akụ poteto (site na 10% n'ime afọ ise gara aga), mana mkpụrụ, ya mere nnukwu mkpụrụ nduku na ugbo nkeonwe, na-eto eto (site na 38% na 23% n'otu n'otu).
Potato Union na-eme atụmatụ nkezi nduku kwa afọ na Russia na kilogram 80 kwa onye kwa afọ, UN Food and Agriculture Organisation na 130 kg kwa onye.
Dị ka Kemerovostat si kwuo, na mmalite nke 2017, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na Kemerovo bụ nde mmadụ 2,709 (gụnyere ụmụaka). N'ihi ya, ọbụlagodi na-eburu n'uche atụmatụ oriri kachasị (130 n'arọ kwa onye / afọ), Kuzbass nyere onwe ya poteto site na 2017% na njedebe nke 205,3.
Sistemụ ọzụzụ ndị mmadụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ
A na-eme ọzụzụ ndị mmadụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na-eto eto nduku na mpaghara Kemerovo na Federal State Budgetary Educational Institute of Higher Education "Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute" (FSBEI HE Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute). Ụlọ ọrụ a na-enye ọzụzụ na ọpụrụiche "Agronomy" ma na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị na mmemme nke bachelor (profaịlụ "Technology nke mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ihe ọkụkụ", "Technology nke mmepụta, nchekwa na nhazi nke ngwaahịa ihe ọkụkụ", "Technical Systems in agribusiness". ”) na nzere nna ukwu .
Kwa afọ, ngalaba nke Agricultural Teknụzụ nke Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute gụsịrị akwụkwọ banyere 35 agronomists (na oge na oge ọmụmụ).
Mmepe ihe eji arụ ọrụ
Taa na mpaghara Kemerovo enwere ebe nchekwa ihe oriri 52 nwere ikike nchekwa n'otu oge nke 162,9 puku tọn. N'iburu n'uche na 76% nke ihe ubi nduku na-eto ya, ya mere ndị mmadụ n'onwe ha na-echekwa ya, ebe nchekwa dịnụ zuru oke maka mpaghara mmepụta ihe.
Dị ka a na-achị, ndị na-emepụta ugbo na-ewu ụlọ nchekwa ọhụrụ iji mee ka ebe a na-akụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu na, n'ihi ya, oke owuwe ihe ubi nduku. Ya mere, onye ndu na-enweghị mgbagha na Kuzbass na mkpokọta nke ubi nduku na owuwe ihe ubi nduku, KDV-Agro LLC, na-ezube ịbawanye ebe ihe ọkụkụ site na 2,3 ruo 3 puku hectare. Maka ebumnuche a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ewu ebe nchekwa nduku ọhụrụ nwere ikike nke puku tọn 12, a na-ahazi ọrụ ya maka 2018.
Nke a ga-abụ nnukwu mgbagwoju anya nke oge a, nke nwere nkà na ụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ - a ga-edobe okpomọkụ na iru mmiri achọrọ na ya na-akpaghị aka.
Na mkpokọta, a na-eme atụmatụ nchekwa nchekwa nduku ọgbara ọhụrụ abụọ nwere ngụkọta ikike nke puku tọn 2018 maka inye ọrụ na Kuzbass na 14,5, yana ebe nchekwa akwụkwọ nri abụọ ọzọ nwere ikike nke 2019 puku tọn na 1,8.
Nhọrọ na usoro
Kemerovo Agricultural Research Institute (alaka nke Siberia Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies nke Russian Academy of Sciences) na-arụ ọrụ a laabu maka nduku ozuzu, biotechnology na ugbo technology (isi nke laabu bụ Valentina Ivanovna Kulikova, Candidate nke Agricultural Sciences. Nsote Prọfesọ). Akụkụ bụ isi nke ọrụ ụlọ nyocha bụ nhọrọ na mmepụta mkpụrụ mbụ nke poteto.
Nhọrọ
Ndabere nke ọrụ ozuzu nduku bụ usoro ọmụmụ na nhọrọ nke isi mmalite nke àgwà bara uru iji mepụta ụdị dị iche iche nwere mgbagwoju anya nke bara uru akụ na ụba. N'ihi nke a, ihe karịrị 150 nduku samples si ụwa nchịkọta nke All-Russian Institute of Plant Growing (VIR) na-amụ kwa afọ. Ọrụ na ịmepụta ụdị nduku na-ewere ọnọdụ dịka atụmatụ zuru oke nke usoro ọmụmụ na mpaghara ndị a:
- precocity;
- ihe di elu;
- iguzogide ọrịa fungal na nje virus na-ahụkarị;
- iguzogide nematode nduku ọla edo;
- iguzogide ebe nduku Colorado;
- adabara maka mechanized cultivation;
LYUBAVA - ụdị mbụ maka iji tebụl mee ihe. tubers na-acha uhie uhie, oval-gburugburu, anụ ahụ na-acha ọcha. Anya nke ọkara omimi. Nrụpụta ihe ruru 55 t/ha. Ịre ahịa 90-96%. Ibu nke tuber azụmahịa bụ 120-220 g. Ihe mejupụtara starch bụ 12-16%. Na-eguzogide ọrịa nduku. Ọ na-anabata nke ọma ngwa nke organic na ịnweta nri na atọ. Ezigbo ụtọ. Uru nke ụdị dị iche iche: nwere ogologo oge ezumike, ndụ ndụ dị elu, mkpụrụ nke nduku n'oge (kacham irrigated 60 t / ha).
ỌMA - etiti mmalite dị iche iche maka iji tebụl eme ihe. tubers na-acha ọcha, gburugburu-oval, pulp na-acha ọcha. Anya nke ọkara omimi. Nrụpụta ihe ruru 60 t/ha. Ibu nke tuber a na-ere ahịa bụ 100-110 g. Ahịa ahịa bụ 86-91%. Ọdịnaya starch bụ 13-15%. Na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche maka ọrịa mbubreyo, skaab na Alternaria. Uru nke ụdị dị iche iche: nematode nduku ọla edo gosipụtara nke ọma, nwere ikike nhicha dị elu nke ala site na nematode nduku ọla edo, yana ogologo oge ezumike.
Iji mee ka usoro nhọrọ ahụ dị ngwa ma webata ụdị ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa na mmepụta, a na-eme nhọrọ site na iji usoro biotechnology (hybridization on sanitized material, sanitization of hybrid hybrids using the tissue, accelerated in vitro propagation, viral diagnostics of hybrid material with ELISA).
Kemgbe 2016, a na-ahazi ọrụ site na iji akara aka nhọrọ, nke a na-ekpebi ọnụnọ DNA nke iguzogide nje na pests na nchịkọta nchịkọta, ụdị ọhụrụ na ụdị ngwakọ ndị na-ekwe nkwa: Y na X nduku nje, nematode nduku ọla edo (Globodera rostochiensis Woll). nematode na-acha uhie uhie (Globodera pallida), ọrịa cancer nduku (Synchytrium endobioticum).
MKPỤRỤ MKPỤTA NKWỤKWỌ NDUKU
A na-eme mmepụta mkpụrụ mbụ site na ụdị nduku gụnyere na Ndebanye aha steeti nke mmezu mmepụta maka mpaghara nke iri: Nevsky, Lyubava, Tuleevsky, Kuznechanka, Tanay na Kemerovochanin.
TULEEVSKY - etiti mmalite dị iche iche maka iji tebụl eme ihe. Agba nke tubers na pulp bụ odo, ọdịdị ya bụ oval. Anya dị elu. Nrụpụta ihe ruru 48 t/ha. The uka nke marketable tuber bụ 122 g Marketability bụ 270-88%. Ọdịnaya starch 99-12%. Ọrịa cancer na-eguzogide. Ọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbu, skaab, na ihe ọzọ. Uru nke iche iche: magburu onwe uto, obi ụtọ uto na crumbly anọgidesi nke pulp, elu mụ mkpụrụ.
Onye isi ojii - etiti mmalite dị iche iche maka iji tebụl eme ihe. The tuber bụ gburugburu-oval, ezigbo, ọbara ọbara, anụ ahụ na-acha ọcha. Anya dị elu. Ọdịnaya starch 12,5-16,3%. Nrụpụta ihe ruru 46 t/ha. Uka nke tuber a na-ere ahịa bụ 140-180 g. Marketability bụ 93-97%. Ụtọ dị mma. Na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje, nje n'oge, na skaab nkịtị. Uru nke ụdị dị iche iche: adabara maka nhazi n'ime poteto crispy, a nwetala mkpụrụ kachasị nke 104,2 t / ha, ọdịdị mara mma.
- Mgbasa ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndu nduku siri ike site na mbelata microclonal in vitro omenala, ihe ruru puku osisi 5 kwa afọ.
- Mmelite nke ụdị dị iche iche site na iji usoro apical meristem yana ngwakọta thermo- na chemotherapy; Bank of Healthy Potato Varieties nwere ụdị 29.
- Mgbasa ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndu nduku siri ike na omenala vivo, ihe ruru puku osisi 11 kwa afọ.
- Inweta ihe mbụ nduku tuber ihe (minitubers), ruo 60 puku tubers kwa afọ.
- Mmepụta kwa afọ nke ruru tọn 70,0 nke mkpụrụ nduku nke ọgbọ ubi mbụ yana ruo tọn 200,0 nke klaasị super-super.
- Nchọpụta nke ọnụnọ nke pathogenesis zoro ezo (nje virus, nje bacteria) na-eji usoro ELISA n'oge ọ bụla nke mgbake na mmeputakwa.
Ihe mbụ mkpụrụ osisi nduku mepụtara site na Kemerovo Research Institute of Agriculture aghọwo ebe niile ọ bụghị nanị na ugbo nke mpaghara Kemerovo, kamakwa na mpaghara Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Amur, Tyumen, Irkutsk, Tver, Ulyanovsk na Chelyabinsk; na Krasnoyarsk na Altai; mba nke Khakassia, Buryatia, Tyva.
Na Kemerovo Research Institute of Agriculture (alaka nke Siberia Federal Scientific Center nke Russian Academy of Sciences), e mepụtala ụdị nduku dị iche iche nke, n'ime ihe onwunwe ha, a na-eji nnukwu mkpụrụ, plasticity, na iguzogide ọrịa pụta.
ỌR F FARA
Na njedebe nke 2017, onye ndú na mkpụrụ na mpaghara Kemerovo bụ Vesna LLC (nke Nikolai Petrovich Safonov na-eduzi), ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara ihe ngosi nke 272,1 c / ha.
Ebe mbụ n'ihe banyere mpaghara nduku ubi na olu owuwe ihe ubi ejiriwo KDV-Agro LLC ruo ọtụtụ afọ (akụkụ nke KDV Group, onye isi KDV-Agro bụ Viktor Vasilyevich Beskorovaev): na 2017 , site na mpaghara hectare 2311, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wetara tọn poteto 60863,9.
Ọ dị mma ịmara na KDV Group na-arụ ọrụ nduku ebe a, na saịtị: na 2011, e wuru ogbako dị iche na ebe nchekwa dị n'akụkụ nke KDV Yashkino LLC (ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ nke otu ahụ), na 2012, ahịrị ọgbara ọhụrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. arụnyere mmepụta nke ibe, zụta igwe nkwakọ ngwaahịa anọ. Ọnụ ego nke itinye ego ruru ijeri 2 rubles.
Ike mmepụta nke ahịrị bụ 8,64 puku tọn kwa afọ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eme ihe dị ka tọn 60 puku tọn poteto kwa afọ, mmepụta olu na 2015 bụ 6,404 puku tọn, na 2016 - 7,301 puku tọn, na 2017 - 8,17 puku tọn.
Otu KDV na-ekwusi ike uru nke ngwa agha dị mma: mgbe ị na-eto eto, iwe ihe ubi, na-echekwa poteto na imepụta ibe n'otu mpaghara, a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa njem.
Atụmanya maka mmepe ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke mpaghara Kemerovo dị mma maka mmepe nke mkpụrụ osisi na nduku azụmahịa. Ụdị kachasị mma maka mpaghara ahụ bụ ụdị nke mmalite, n'etiti mmalite na etiti oge, na-eto eto nke ụbọchị 65-80.
Ihe ndị metụtara akụ na ụba na-akwado mmasị ndị ọrụ ugbo na ihe ọkụkụ a. Ya mere, uru nke mmepụta nduku na-anọgide na-abụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị elu na mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ - dịka data 2017 si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ a bụ + 87,2%. Ahịa ahịa maka poteto na-eto eto n'oge na-adịbeghị anya - dị ka atụmatụ dị iche iche si dị, na 2017 na Russia n'ozuzu ya, ọnụ ahịa azụmaahịa mụbara site na 9,46-24%. Na mpaghara Kemerovo, uto bụ 13,9% (data Kemerovostat).
N'otu oge ahụ, poteto bụ ihe bara uru dị mkpa na ọha mmadụ; ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ụzọ ya maka inwe afọ ojuju na nkuzi nchekwa nri nke Russian Federation ka akọwara dị ka 95%. Na njedebe nke afọ 2017, a na-eme atụmatụ inwe afọ ojuju nke Russia na poteto na 90,7% (data sitere na Ministry of Agriculture), nke na-enye anyị ohere ịkọ ọnọdụ ahịa dị mma.
SITE n'akụkọ ihe mere eme
Na 1942, na mkpokọta ugbo "Krasny Perekop" na Mariinsky district nke Kemerovo mpaghara, Anna Kondratievna Yutkina otu òtù nwetara ndekọ nduku owuwe ihe ubi nke 1331 c / ha.
Maka mkpụrụ a dị oke egwu (nke onye ọ bụla nọ n'ụwa na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya), e nyere ndị na-akụ nduku ihe nrite Stalin (anata puku rubles ise). Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ bufere ego a niile na ego nchekwa obodo. Na onye ndú, Anna Kondratyevna Yutkina, e nyere Order nke Lenin. Na May 20, 1948, site n'iwu nke Presidium nke Soviet Kasị Elu nke USSR, e nyere ya aha nke Hero of Socialist Labour.
Ekwesiri ighota na na 1942, unit A.K. Yutkina mebiri ndekọ mba ụwa nke ya. Tupu mgbe ahụ, na 1939, otu ndị otu nọ na nnwale nnwale nke Krasny Perekop mkpokọta, chịkọtara 1217,28 poteto site na otu hectare, nke karịrị ihe ndekọ ụwa nke America na-achị n'oge ahụ site na 117,8 cents. Enyere Anna Kondratyevna Yutkina ihe nrite nnukwu ọla edo nke ihe ngosi ihe ngosi ugbo niile, njikọ ya gụnyere n'akwụkwọ nsọpụrụ.
Ndị otu Yutkina gara n'ihu na-egosipụta nsonaazụ dị mma, na-anata tumadi 700 c / ha poteto site na ubi ha.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ka na-arụrịta ụka banyere ihe butere ihe ịga nke ọma na-emebi ndekọ ahụ. Dị ka Sergei Sheshukov, onye nduzi nke Historical Mariinsk Museum-Reserve si kwuo, na mgbakwunye na nkà na ụzụ ọrụ ugbo pụrụ iche, ihe nzuzo ahụ dị na mmepe sayensị nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Soviet na-eduga. N'ime afọ nke mkpagbu Stalin, Mariinsk bụ ebe etiti Siblag.
TANAY - etiti mmalite dị iche iche maka iji tebụl eme ihe. The tubers bụ odo, gburugburu-oval, akpụkpọ bụ ubé reticulate, anụ ahụ bụ odo. Anya nke ọkara omimi, ole na ole na ọnụ ọgụgụ. Nrụpụta ihe ruru 63 t/ha. The uka nke marketable tuber bụ 100 g Marketability bụ 180-92%. Ọdịnaya starch 98-13%. Ọ na-enwekarị ike ibute ọrịa mbubreyo na nje. Uru nke ụdị dị iche iche: na-eguzogide ọrịa kansa na nematode nduku ọla edo, ọkọchị na-eguzogide, na-eguzogide mmebi n'ibu.
KEMEROV bi - etiti mmalite dị iche iche maka iji tebụl eme ihe. The tubers bụ odo, gburugburu-oval, akpụkpọ bụ ubé reticulate, anụ ahụ bụ odo. Nrụpụta ihe ruru 58 t/ha. Starch ọdịnaya 17,5%. The arọ nke tuber marketable bụ 95 g Marketability bụ 19-90%. Nkezi iguzogide ọrịa mbubreyo. Uru nke ụdị dị iche iche: na-eguzogide ọrịa kansa, nematode nduku ọla edo, nje, Fusarium wilt na Alternaria, na-eguzogide mmebi akụrụngwa, ndụ nchekwa dị elu.
MARIINSKY - ọkara-n'oge, maka table were. Agba nke ifuru ahụ na-acha ọbara ọbara-violet, tuber na-acha ọbara ọbara, pulp bụ ude; The tuber bụ oval udi, anya na-elu elu, na akpụkpọ ahụ dị ire. Starch ọdịnaya 14-6%. Nrụpụta 35,0-45,0 t/ha. Ibu nke tuber a na-ere ahịa bụ 80 g. Ihe ụtọ dị mma. Na-eguzogide nematode nduku ọla edo. Na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje, nje n'oge, na skaab nkịtị. Uru nke ụdị dị iche iche: ọdịdị mara mma.
Ndị ọkachamara a mara ikpe na Moscow na Leningrad rụrụ ọrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ógbè ahụ. Ha na-arụ ọrụ iji nweta mkpụrụ osisi na-ewu ewu na ịzụlite nkà na ụzụ ọrụ ugbo maka ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ na ọnọdụ Siberia. Ka ọ na-erule 1942, na mpaghara Mariinsky, e nwere ebe nchịkwa, ubi mkpụrụ osisi, ubi berry na ubi vaịn na mpaghara 50,5 hectare. Site na mgbasa nke Siblag na mmalite 1960s, ọdụ ụgbọ ahụ kwụsịrị ịdị adị.
Na ebe nchekwa nke ndekọ, e wuru ihe ncheta nduku na Mariinsk na 2008. Ọ bụ onye na-akpụ akpụ Yuri Mikhailov mere ya (nke e ji osisi rụọ). Kemgbe ahụ, obodo ahụ na-eme ememe ụbọchị nduku kwa afọ abụọ.