Ókèala: 6,95 nde sq. km.
Onu ogugu: nde mmadụ 7,9, nke 73,64% bụ ndị bi n'obodo.
Ọnọdụ ala: Mpaghara ahụ dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Eurasia ma nwee ihe dịka 40% nke ókèala Russia Federation. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya bụ ala dị larịị, ugwu na mkpọda, na mbara ala na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mpaghara ahụ. Akụkụ dị mkpa nke Far Eastern Federal District dị na Far North na mpaghara permafrost. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya na mpaghara etiti Federal Siberia, na ndịda yana Mongolia, China na North Korea, na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ ya na Japan n'oké osimiri, yana n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ yana United States.
Ihu Igwe ókè nke ókèala ahụ na-ekpebi mgbanwe ya site na kọntinent dị nkọ gaa na udu mmiri. Okpomọkụ kwa afọ na-adị iche site na -10°C n'ebe ugwu ruo +6°C na ndịda. A na-ejikwa oke mmiri mara oke mmiri: site na 200 mm ruo 1000 mm. Iru mmiri dị ala anaghị ada n'okpuru 65%, na mpaghara ụfọdụ gafere 95%. Oge oyi na-abịa na Nọvemba, na nkezi January okpomọkụ sitere na -22 Celsius C ruo -24 Celsius. Oge okpomọkụ na-abịa nke nta nke nta, na ụbọchị ọkụ mbụ na-eme na njedebe nke May na mmalite nke June. Nkezi okpomọkụ na July: +19°C.
Ala: Ihe dị ka ọkara nke ala ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ bụ ugwu ugwu. Achọkwara ya bụ taiga na tundra podburs (ihe dị ka 19%), taiga na tundra gley ala (15%) na ala apiti dị iche iche (10%). Ihe karịrị 10% nọ n'ime ala arctic, tundra na apiti. Humus-carbonate na sod-carbonate ala na-aza 9% nke mpaghara mpaghara, podzols na ala odo odo na-aza 8% nke ọ bụla, ihe karịrị 7% nke mkpuchi ala bụ ala aja aja, ihe dịka 5% bụ ala idei mmiri na ihe dịka 3% bụ ala. ugwu mgbawa.
Ala ubi ebe a na-akọ ugbo: 18804,8 puku hectare, nke hectare 4102,3 bụ ala ubi.
Na nlebanya a, anyị nyochara n'ụzọ zuru ezu ihe ndị na-egosi obere ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara asatọ nke Far Eastern Federal District n'ime 11, nwere ọnọdụ dị nro maka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ.
Anyị na-ekele ndị òtù mpaghara nke ụlọ ọrụ agro-industrial maka enyemaka ha na-akwadebe ihe.
Mpaghara Amur
Oge ikpeazụ, na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 16,95 t / ha, enwetara 31,1 puku tọn ngwaahịa.
Ndị isi na-emepụta poteto bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo "Semena", ndị ọrụ ugbo "S.E.V.", ugbo ala Izbosarova E.S., ugbo ala Nazaretyan A.P., ugbo ala "Nika", LLC "Laikagro", LLC "Rust-Agro" , Ugbo ugbo ala Alekseev A. A., ugbo ala ugbo Cherutov A. I., ugbo ala ugbo Radjabov Sh. N., Rus Vostok LLC, ugbo ala ugbo Nesterenko V.P.
Naanị ugbo na-eto eto nke ugbo ala "S.E.V" na-amịpụta ihe ruru tọn 500 nke mkpụrụ nduku nke mmụgharị dị elu kwa afọ. A na-ebubata akụkụ nke ihe ọkụkụ maka mmeghari ohuru site na mpụga mpaghara ahụ.
Enwere naanị ebe nchekwa nduku na akwukwo nri 42 na mpaghara nwere ikike nke puku tọn 39,12. N'ime ndị a, 35% nwere nhazi nke abụọ na ikike nhazi nke mbụ. N'ọtụtụ ugbo, ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa na-enweghị olile anya oge ochie, nke na-egbochi ndị ọrụ ugbo ohere ịchekwa ngwaahịa kwa afọ.
N'afọ gara aga, site na mmefu ego mpaghara, enyere ndị ọrụ ugbo aka nkwado steeti iji mụbaa mmepụta nduku, kwụghachi akụkụ nke ego ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa, mbinye ego na ntinye ego nke ọma, na-akwado mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi.
N'ime oge ọhụrụ, ha na-eme atụmatụ ịkụ poteto na mpaghara ahụ na mpaghara 2,1 puku hectare, nke bụ hectare 200 karịa na 2022. Na n'ime afọ abụọ a na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye mmepụta nduku na mpaghara a haziri ahazi na puku tọn 63.
Republic nke Buryatia
Owuwe ihe ubi n'oge gara aga dị nso na puku tọn 29,4 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 19,58 t/ha. Na 2021, ndị ọrụ ugbo nakọtara puku tọn 24,6 puku ngwaahịa, na 2020 - 23,7 puku tọn.
Ụlọ ọrụ kachasị ukwuu na-akụ mkpụrụ nduku gụnyere Healthy Nutrition LLC, Garantiya-2 LLC na Gazar LLC.
Na 2023, a na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye mpaghara n'okpuru poteto site na 15%, ebe ubi mkpụrụ osisi atọ enwetara ikike na mpaghara ahụ ga-enye ndị ọrụ ugbo ihe ọkụkụ.
N'oge ọhụrụ, a ga-abawanye usoro iji kwado ndị na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ. Ọbụghị naanị otu ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo, kamakwa ụmụ amaala nwere ala enyemaka onwe ha ma debanye aha ha dị ka ndị na-arụ ọrụ onwe ha ga-enwe ike ịgụta ego enyemaka n'ime usoro ọrụ gọọmentị etiti "mmepe akwụkwọ nri na ịkụ nduku."
Nkwado steeti ga-agbasawanye n'ihe gbasara ikenye ọnụego ndị ọzọ iji kwado mmepụta nduku na inye enyemaka maka mmepụta mkpụrụ a ma ama.
Mpaghara Ndị Juu
Nkezi oke owuwe ihe ubi n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya eruola puku tọn 32,5, nkezi mkpụrụ bụ 13,3 t/ha.
Na mpaghara ahụ, ọ bụ naanị ugbo nkeonwe na ugbo nkeonwe na-etinye aka na-akụ poteto na akwụkwọ nri. Ruo ogologo oge, enweghị mmepụta mkpụrụ nke mpaghara emeghị ka ndị ọrụ ugbo rụọ ọrụ ọhụrụ dị iche iche n'oge. A zụrụ mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ na mpaghara Primorsky, mana ugbua na oge ọhụrụ na ndabere nke ugbo ala ubi Rak A.B. Ịkwalite mkpụrụ nduku nke ụdị anụ ụlọ ga-amalite.
N'afọ a, a na-eme atụmatụ ịkụ tuber na mpaghara 2,5 puku hectare, mmepụta ihe na-atụ anya ya bụ 32,5 puku tọn. Ekwesịrị ịkwado njedebe dị mma nke oge site na mpaghara mpaghara na mmejuputa mmemme nke subprogram "Na-akpali akpali mmepụta poteto na akwụkwọ nri" n'ime usoro mmemme steeti maka mmepe nke ọrụ ugbo na nhazi nke ahịa maka ngwaahịa ugbo, akụrụngwa. na nri.
Ókèala Transbaikal
N'oge gara aga, nnukwu owuwe ihe ubi nduku na mpaghara ahụ ruru puku tọn 10,3 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 12,7 t/ha. Na 2021 na 2020, nkezi mkpụrụ bụ 10,8 t/ha na 10,1 t/ha, n'otu n'otu.
Enwere ugbo isii buru ibu na-eto nduku na mpaghara: LLC “New Continent” LLC “Potato of Transbaikalia”, PSK “Kenonsky”, LLC “Favorit”, ugbo ala ugbo Sambueva Ch. B., ugbo ala ugbo Dun E. Zh.
Na njedebe nke afọ gara aga, a na-enye mpaghara a haziri ahazi site na 130% nke ihe a chọrọ, nke ruru ihe dịka 1,5 puku tọn. N'afọ 2023, a na-eme atụmatụ ịnata ngwaahịa karịrị puku tọn 10,5.
Mpaghara a ewepụtala echiche maka mmepe nke ịkụ nduku, n'ime nke a na-eme atụmatụ ime ka ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ n'afọ 2025 ma wuo ebe nchekwa nwere ikike ruru puku tọn puku ise.
N'ime usoro nkwado steeti maka ugbo pụrụ iche n'afọ gara aga, enwere enyemaka maka akụkụ nke ọnụ ahịa ihe ọkụkụ, mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi, ịzụrụ ngwaahịa, ọrụ, ọrụ na ndị ọzọ.
Ókèala Kamchatka
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oke owuwe ihe ubi nduku na ngalaba ahaziri ahazi na 2022 ruru 16,1 puku tọn (nke nwere mkpụrụ nke 18,61 t / ha), na 2021 - 16 puku tọn (17,49 t / ha), na 2020 - 17 puku tọn (19,42 t) /ha).
JSC Zarechnoye, SHP Ovoshchevod, LLC Khutorok, na ndị ọrụ ugbo nke L. V. Michurina bụ ọkachamara na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ na mpaghara ahụ.
N'ozuzu, a na-enye ndị ọrụ ugbo ihe ọkụkụ, na enweghi mkpụrụ osisi na-amịpụta mkpụrụ, a na-emepụta ya site na ibubata ha na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. A na-akwụghachi ụgwọ nke nnweta na nnyefe ya site na mmefu ego mpaghara na ọnụego 12 rubles kwa kilogram.
Ugbu a, enwere ebe nchekwa akwụkwọ nri na nduku iri abụọ na ise na mpaghara ahụ. Ma e wuru ụfọdụ n'ime ha laa azụ n'afọ ndị 25, n'ihi ya, ha chọrọ nrụzi dị ukwuu na iji ngwa teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ kwado.
N'ime usoro mmemme nke mpaghara mpaghara "Mmepe nke ọrụ ugbo na iwu nke ahịa maka ngwaahịa ugbo, akụrụngwa na nri na mpaghara Kamchatka," a na-emepụta usoro iji kwado ụlọ nchekwa ọhụrụ.
Primorsky Krai
Na njedebe nke afọ gara aga, oke owuwe ihe ubi nduku ruru puku tọn 64,6 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 20,12 t/ha, ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-etokwa. Na 2021, a nakọtara 62,2 puku tọn (17,95 t / ha) na mpaghara, na 2020 - 51,5 puku tọn (17,34 t / ha).
Ndị na-emepụta nduku bụ isi na-anọgide na Sovkhoz Fadeevsky LLC, Putsilovskoye LLC, Morozova T. A. ugbo ala ugbo, A.I. Grishko ugbo, V. T. Trubityn ugbo, A. V. Efimenko ugbo, A. T. Tsoi ugbo, onye oru ugbo Bondar A. A., Onye oru ugbo ugbo Bondar A. A., Onye oru ugbo ugbo Kimant "Vasil D. H.
N'ihi ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ sayensị na ọrụ Putsilovskoye LLC, a na-enye ndị na-emepụta ihe ubi na ndị bi na ya na mkpụrụ osisi nduku na-amụba elu.
Mkpa ebe nchekwa nduku na akwukwo nri bụ puku tọn 90, mana taa enwere naanị ebe nchekwa 54 nwere ikike nke 37,6 puku tọn. N'oge na-abịa, a na-atụ anya na a ga-etinye ikike ọhụrụ maka 3 puku tọn ngwaahịa.
Na mpaghara ahụ, ego nkwado steeti na-enye nkwado maka ịzụrụ ígwè ọrụ pụrụ iche na akụrụngwa eji emepụta akwụkwọ nri na poteto, yana iwu ụlọ greenhouses. A na-enye nkwụghachi nke 20% nke ụgwọ kpọmkwem maka owuwu na nwughari nke ebe nchekwa, yana nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke akụkụ nke mmepụta na ire poteto na akwụkwọ nri na-emeghe.
Sakhalin Oblast
N'afọ gara aga, oke owuwe ihe ubi nke ngwaahịa dị na mpaghara ngwa ahịa ruru 47,5 puku tọn (nke nwere mkpụrụ nke 24,5 t / ha), na 2021 - 44,1 puku tọn (nke nwere mkpụrụ nke 24,1 t / ha), na 202 -m - 47,24 puku tọn (mkpụrụ 24,5 t/ha).
Ụlọ ọrụ 11 na ihe karịrị ugbo iri asaa na-arụ ọrụ na-akụ ihe ubi. Ndị na-eduzi ndị na-emepụta ihe - JSC State Farm Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky, JSC State Farm Teplichny, JSC Sokolovsky, JSC State Farm Zarechnoye, LLC Novoe, Peasant Farm Evtyaev V. G., Farm peasant Zhuravlev O. S., Ugbo ugbo "Rus'".
Ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'ime obodo na-azụta ụdị poteto ndị a ma ama maka mmeghari ohuru na nnọchi dị iche iche n'ugbo mkpụrụ na mpaghara Russia ndị ọzọ.
Ndị na-emepụta ugbo nwere ebe nchekwa nduku 53 na akwụkwọ nri nwere ngụkọta nke puku tọn 61, asaa n'ime ha wuru n'ime afọ 10 gara aga. Ngwá ọrụ refrigeration dị na ebe nchekwa isii (ngụkọta ikike - 2,95 puku tọn).
A na-enye nkwado n'ime usoro mmemme nke steeti ngalaba "mmepe ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara Sakhalin na nhazi nke ahịa maka ngwaahịa ugbo, akụrụngwa na nri" iji zụlite mkpụrụ osisi a ma ama, na-amụba ọmụmụ ala nke ala ugbo, na inye ihe na-enweghị njikọ. nkwado iji kwụọ ụgwọ akụkụ nke ụgwọ ọrụ nke ịrụ ọrụ mgbagwoju anya nke agrotechnological.
Site na 2023, n'oge mmejuputa oru ngo gọọmenti etiti "Mmepe nke akwukwo nri na nduku na-eto eto," a ga-enye nkwado ego maka akụkụ nke ego iji kwado mmepụta nduku.
Mpaghara nduku na oge ọhụrụ ga-abụ hectare 1,96, ọ nweghịkwa atụmatụ ịbawanye ya n'ọdịnihu. Nnukwu mmepụta ga-abawanye n'ihi ụbara ihe ọkụkụ.
Khabarovsk Territory
N'afọ 2022, mpaghara nduku na mpaghara a haziri ahazi mụbara site na 4,7% ma e jiri ya tụnyere oge gara aga wee bụrụ hectare 883, ebe a na-ewe ihe ruru puku tọn 8,4 puku. N'ihi ihe mberede sitere n'okike, hectare 55 nke ihe ubi furu efu na mpaghara ahụ; a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-efunahụ ya na puku tọn 4,3. Nkezi mkpụrụ ihe ọkụkụ bụ 13,33 t/ha (104% ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ gara aga).
Isi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta nduku bụ
SHP Kolos LLC, Chernyaevskoye LLC na Amur Agricultural Enterprise LLC. N'oge gara aga, e kere ubi mkpụrụ osisi abụọ na mpaghara ahụ, bụ ndị emepụtalarị tọn 300 nke ihe ọkụkụ.
Nri nke mkpụrụ maka owuwe ihe ubi n'ọdịnihu na mmalite nke afọ bụ 85% na ngụkọta chọrọ 150 puku tọn. A na-eme atụmatụ ịzụta olu ahụ na-efu efu site n'ugbo ndị na-eduga na Siberia na n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa.
Mpempe nchekwa nke ebe nchekwa nduku na akwukwo nri dị ugbu a bụ puku tọn 46. Ma nchekwa kwa afọ nke ngwaahịa ugbo chọrọ ikike nke dịkarịa ala 150 puku tọn.
Mpaghara ahụ nwere usoro nkwado iji jiri nwayọ dozie nsogbu a, gụnyere onyinye maka mwughachi na imeziwanye ụlọ nchekwa. Na 2022, 27 nde rubles ekenyela maka ebumnuche ndị a, na 2023, 35 nde rubles na-ekenye na mmefu ego obodo.
Atụmatụ maka oge dị ugbu a gụnyere ịba ụba nke mmepụta nduku. Dị ka amụma ahụ si kwuo, mpaghara ahụ ga-eru ebe a kụrụ akụ nke 1,1 puku hectare, ma ọ bụ 124,6% nke afọ gara aga.
Irina Berg