Ekaterina Kudashkina, onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi nke sayensị ugbo
Ndị ọkachamara na-akpọ nduku otu n'ime ihe ọkụkụ na-aba uru nke ukwuu. N'ime oge 2021, uru ọrụ ugbo nduku eruola nnukwu ọkwa n'ihi mmụba nke ahịa ahịa nke ngwaahịa. Mana ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla nwere ike nweta owuwe ihe ubi nke poteto dị elu: ihe ọkụkụ ahụ chọrọ itinye ego nke ọtụtụ akụrụngwa, gụnyere iji nkwadebe dị oke ọnụ maka nri na nchekwa n'oge oge niile na-eto eto. Kedu ka akwụ ụgwọ ndị a ziri ezi?
Na 2020-2021 afọ anyị nọ na ụlọ ọrụ Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Agroliga LLC mere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe ubi wee mepụta atụmatụ nnwale nke na-ekwe nkwa mkpụrụ nduku dị elu yana nloghachi zuru oke na ntinye ego.
N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-enyocha mkpa na nsonazụ nke iwebata atụmatụ nri maka Arizona ware poteto na nkwadebe nke ụlọ ọrụ Agritechno mepụtara na Spain.
Na 2021 afọ Emebere mmemme nri nduku nduku na ndabere nke K (F)H Yuzefov Nikolai Nikolaevich (Rostov mpaghara, Semikarakorsky district). Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ so na TOP 10 nnukwu ugbo nduku na Russia. Na-abịa ebe a, ị na-eche na ugbo a dị nzọụkwụ atọ n'ihu ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ: otu ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'eziokwu, ihe ngosi maka ihe ọkụkụ niile dị elu. Onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov, nyere anyị saịtị nnwale maka ịme nyocha ubi nkwonkwo. O nwere ọnọdụ dị ịtụnanya: "Ihe dị mkpa abụghị mmadụ ole ị na-azụ, kama ole ị na-azụ."
Isi ọrụ bụ inweta nnukwu mkpụrụ nke poteto ware dị elu nwere ezigbo nloghachi na itinye ego na uru net ọzọ.
Emere nnwale nke ubi site na iji nkwadebe Agritekno na ala hectare 40; A na-akụ poteto Arizona n'okpuru ogbugba mmiri n'elu. Onye bu ụzọ n'ubi a bụ ọka wit n'oge oyi. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a na-etinye 600kg/ha nke diammofoska maka ịkọ ihe, na-esotekwa nhazi nke oke. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, tupu akuku, a na-etinye diammofoska 200 kg / ha, na tupu hilling - ammonium nitrate 150 kg / ha.
E gosipụtara atụmatụ nke nnwale ubi na Tebụl Nke 1
Maka ọgwụgwọ tubers tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, na mgbakwunye na ọgwụ nje fungicidal nke ụmụ ahụhụ na-eji ugbo, a na-eji nkwadebe "Tecamin Rais Plus" na "Controlfit Cu" mee ihe.
Uru nke ọgwụ "Tekamin Rais" N'ihi na nduku bụ na n'oge tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, ọ accelerates guzobe nke mgbọrọgwụ usoro nke tuber, nke na-enye onwe ya oriri na ọṅụṅụ maka osisi.
Ọgwụ ọjọọ"Controlfit Cu" (ọla kọpa) e bu n'obi na-amụba osisi iguzogide ọrịa fungal na nje na-efe efe, nke dị mkpa karịsịa na ogbo nke tuber germination. Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta fungicidal ya, ọla kọpa na-akpali usoro photosynthesis na osisi vegetative. Ihe dị iche iche nke "Controlfit Cu" bụ na ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-agafe na xylem na phloem, na-echebe osisi ahụ n'usoro (gluconate ọla kọpa na-arụ ọrụ bụ naanị ụdị nke ọla kọpa n'ime osisi). Fatịlaịza enweghị analogues na Russia ma bụrụ 100% na gburugburu ebe obibi.
"Njikwa Cu» A na-ejikwa ya maka ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ n'oge oge na-eto eto, usoro ọgwụgwọ dịgasị iche dabere na oge nke mmepe osisi: maka ịgwọ tubers na oge mgbe okooko gasịrị, a na-agbakwunye 1 l / ha, na n'oge oke ibu - 2 l / ha. Achọpụtara m na oge ntolite nke oke ibu mere n'oge ọnọdụ ihu igwe na mpaghara anyị na-akawanye njọ - enwere oke mmiri ozuzo, na n'elu poteto na-esiwanye ike n'ihi mmiri.
Ọzọ dị mkpa uru nke ọgwụ "Controlfit Cu" - ndakọrịta na fungicides na ụmụ ahụhụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ugbo na-atụ egwu ịgbakwunye ọla kọpa na ngwaahịa ọgwụgwọ tuber na ngwọta maka ịgbasa n'oge oge na-eto eto. Dabere na ahụmịhe nkeonwe, achọrọ m imesi ya ike na mgbe arụchara ọrụ ahụ, ọ nweghị sedimenti na-etolite ma ọ bụ na ngwa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ na tankị sprayer. Anyị na-arụ ọrụ na ọgwụ a na poteto maka afọ abụọ ugbu a, ọ na-esikwa ike mgbe niile. Ihe nzuzo dị mfe - ezigbo nhazi ọgwụ na usoro ziri ezi mgbe ị na-agwakọta - "Controlfit Cu" Anyị na-agbakwunye ya na mmiri a kwadebere tupu ngwaahịa nchebe osisi, ebe ọ bụ na nke a bụ nkwadebe organic.
Na isi atụmatụ, mgbe ị gwọchara tubers, na mgbakwunye na ọgwụgwọ pesticide, agbakwunyere fatịlaịza ndị a maka nri akwukwo ndu nduku:
ise. "Tecamin Max Plus" - eji mee ihe n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ niile nke mmepe nduku, naanị usoro ọgwụgwọ gbanwere. Ha na-etinye akụkụ nke nta nke nta 6 na 0,5 l / ha, maka ngụkọta nke 3 l / ha n'oge oge na-eto eto. A na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe iji mee ka uto na mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ rụọ ọrụ, na-echebe mgbochi (ọ bụrụ na nchekasị na-eme mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị. Tecamin Max) ma na-eweghachi osisi mgbe ọnọdụ nrụgide gasịrị (ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwọ ahụ bụ mgbe ọnọdụ nrụgide gasịrị). Ọ bụghị naanị na ejikọtara "Tecamin Max Plus" na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke fatịlaịza foliar, na-eme ka mmetụta ha dịkwuo mma, kamakwa na-agbakwunye ngwakọta nri na amino acid dị mkpa maka osisi, ma na-eme ka a na-ebufe nri ịnweta na osisi. A na-egosipụta mmetụta a na-ahụ anya nke iji Tecamin Max Plus nke ọma na uto nke akụkụ ala dị n'elu nke osisi ahụ, mmụba nke agba nke akwụkwọ ahụ na ọdịdị ahụ dị mma nke ohia. Nsonaazụ nke nkwalite izugbe nke elu akwukwo bụ nguzobe nke mkpụrụ buru ibu.
Ọgwụ ahụ zuru oke na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi mmalite osisi ya. Ọdịnaya na-abawanye nke ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ (60%) na L-amino acid nke sitere na osisi (12%) na-akwalite mmepe osisi, na-eme ka uto nke tubers dịkwuo elu ma na-eme ka ogo ha dịkwuo mma, nke na-emecha mee ka o kwe omume ịnweta mpempe akwụkwọ nduku.
ise. "Teknokel Amino B (boron) Plus" - na oge ntolite - mmalite nke ifuru, 1 l / ha maka uto nke ome na usoro mgbọrọgwụ, mgbochi scab, yana nri kwesịrị ekwesị, ebe ọ bụ na ụkọ ya na-ebelata absorption nke nitrogen na calcium. Anyị nyere aka"Teknokel Amino V" Ọ bụ kpọmkwem n'oge a dị oke egwu maka osisi nduku, ebe ọ bụ na boron bụ ma fatịlaịza na ụzọ nchebe megide ọrịa mbubreyo.
Ọ ga-amasị m ịkọwapụta iche iche: ekele maka teknụzụ FASTB nwere ikike️ Ngwakọta molekul nke ọgwụ "Teknokel Amino Boron Plus" na-egbochi ntinye nke boron na akpụkpọ ahụ cell ma mee ka ọ bụrụ mkpanaka, na-egbochi ụkọ boron ọzọ.
ise. "Teknokel Amino Sa Calcium gbakwunyere" - akụkụ nke 1 l / ha site na njedebe nke okooko ruo n'etiti oge uto tuber iji meziwanye àgwà nke peel na idobe àgwà, n'ihi na e mere atụmatụ owuwe ihe ubi maka nchekwa. Uru"Teknokel Amino Sa" dị kpọmkwem n'eziokwu na ọ nwere boron. Boron na-etinye aka na mmegharị nke calcium na osisi; calcium n'onwe ya adịghị arụ ọrụ.
ise. "Teknokel Amino Mix (mix) Plus" - 1 l / ha iji kpochapụ ụkọ nke microelements ma mee ka ihe nchebe osisi dịkwuo elu n'oge oge uto tuber. Nke a mgbagwoju corrector nke micronutrient erughi na free amino asịd nke osisi si na-enyere aka gbochie zoro ezo agụụ nke osisi na generative agba, eme ihe site na enzyme usoro na-akpali usoro nke osisi ibu na mmepe nke generative akụkụ.
ise. "Controlfit RK" (potassium phosphite) - 1 l / ha iji meziwanye àgwà ngwaahịa ma nwekwuo iguzogide ọrịa fungal. Nke a bụ isi iyi ngwa ngwa nke nri phosphorus-potassium, nke nwere 30% phosphorus na 20% potassium.
Ahụmahụ anyị dịkwa iche na anyị na-eji ngwaahịa organic "Na-ewe iwe A gbakwunyere" (5 l / ha na mkpokọta maka oge na-eto eto, nkebi) - maka seedlings 10-15 cm na mgbe izu 2 gachara.
Otu afọ gara aga, na akwụkwọ akụkọ Potato System No. 1/2021, m nyere ihe atụ nke ịdị irè ya. Nsogbu nke salinity dị mkpa maka ugbo niile nwere ogbugba mmiri n'ubi, ya mere ana m akwado iji fatịlaịza a maka mgbasa. Kedu ihe bụ ike Agrifula? A na-eji ya maka ịmị mkpụrụ dị ka mgbọrọgwụ biostimulator na ala biofeeder. "Agriful" anaghị ekwe ka ala ahụ ghọọ salinized ma na-ebelata ike eletrik ya gburugburu mpaghara mgbọrọgwụ.
Gịnị mere o ji dị mma ịṅa ntị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche?Dị egwu"? Ndị betaines dị n'ime ya na-enyere aka ịchịkwa nrụgide osmotic n'ime osisi, si otú a na-eme ka nnweta nri dịkwuo mma. "Dị egwu" na-akwalite absorption nke macroelements, na nke a dị mkpa karịsịa na ọnọdụ nke ịrị elu ahịa na-ejighị n'aka onunu nke ịnweta nri.
Acids Fulvic na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo elu. Enwere ike iji "Agriful" ma maka ịgba mmiri mmiri na ifesa. Anyị na-etinye "Agriful" na nnukwu-droplet nozzles (maka UAN) ugboro abụọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 2,5 l / ha na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ mmiri na-agba ọsọ nke 300 l / ha wee gbanye igwe mmiri. Nakwa usoro na-adọrọ mmasị ma dị irè - enweghị ọkụ, ọ bụ ihe dị ọcha nke organic. Osisi ahụ nabatara nri a nke ọma. Site na nleba anya, usoro ala ahụ emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma, ụwa aghọwo ihe na-adịghị mma.
Ebe nduku na-achọ ọtụtụ ọgwụgwọ kwa oge, ịdị mma ịgbasa bụ ihe dị mkpa. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eche nsogbu nke ịchịkwa pH na ike mmiri ihu.
Mmiri siri ike nwere mmetụta na-adịghị mma na:
- d.v. arụmọrụ pesticides (karịsịa fungicides - nke a bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụgwọ maka poteto): n'ihi mmiri siri ike, ha na-enwe ike ịnweta alkaline hydrolysis;
- sprayer nozzles: ha na-akụchi ma usoro ọrụ ahụ na-ebelata.
Iji dozie nsogbu ndị a, jiri ntụ oyi"Teknofit pH". Ọ na-ejikọta salts siri ike ka ha ghara ịkpata hydrolysis alkaline. "Teknofit pH" n'otu oge acid na-eme ka mmiri alkaline dị nro ma na-eme ka mmiri siri ike dị nro, na-ebelata erughị ala nke mmiri, na-eme ka ntinye nke ngwọta na-arụ ọrụ n'ime mpempe akwụkwọ ma wepụ ụfụfụ.
Ihe ngosi agba agba agba mmiri mgbe ọkwa acidity na-agbanwe, nke na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ikpebi usoro ọgwụgwọ achọrọ na-ejighi ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche.
Ka m mesie: na nke ọ bụla kpọmkwem nke iji otu pesticide mgbe ị na-akwadebe ihe ngwọta na-arụ ọrụ, enwere ike ịnwe aghụghọ, yabụ ịkwesịrị iji nlezianya gụọ akara nke ọgwụ ọ bụla ma rụọ ọrụ iji melite ogo mmiri. Enweelarị omume dị otú ahụ na mba ọzọ - pH kachasị mma nke ngwọta na-arụ ọrụ ka edere na canisters. Anyị na-atụ anya na ndị na-emepụta Russia ga-abịakwa na nke a n'oge na-adịghị anya.
N'August 24, 2021, yana ndị nnọchianya nke ugbo, anyị mere akara nchịkwa site na mita 1,5 linear, tụọ ma tọgbọrọ tubers (Fig 1).
Gịnị ka anyị hụrụ? Nnukwu mkpụrụ nke n'etiti akụkụ nke nduku ke ibuo ibé. Enwere ọnwa abụọ tupu owuwe ihe ubi - tubers ga-anọgide na-enweta uka.
Nhicha mere October 18-23, 2021.
Dabere na nsonaazụ nke ihicha ebe nnwale na njikwa, ọ dị mma ịmara na ekele maka mmemme nri ọhụrụ ahụ, anyị nwere ike ịzọpụta 4,9 tọn ọzọ kwa hectare maka ugbo. Mkpụrụ nduku sitere na nyocha nnwale bụ 1 t / ha, site na njikwa njikwa - 70,1 t / ha (Table No. 65,2).
Tebụl 2. Mkpụrụ nduku
Mpaghara ebe a na-ewe ihe ubi, ha | Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa ndị ewepụtara, t | Arụpụta, t / ha | |
Njikwa (ha abụọ) | 5,27 | 343,7 | 65,2 |
Ahụmahụ (ha 40) | 8,25 | 578,4 | 70,1 |
Ọ ga-amasị m igosipụta ekele miri emi nye onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov na ndị ọrụ ugbo dum maka ụzọ n'eziokwu na ọrụ dị mkpa maka azụmahịa nkwonkwo. Sergey Alekseevich Voronov, Onye isi oche; Petr Yurievich Khmyz, foreman-nduku ubi; Evgeniy Vladimirovich Ustinov, agronomist, bụ ezi ndị ọkachamara na ngalaba ha!
Ego ndị ọzọ (ụgbụ, mwepu ntinye ego) n'oge owuwe ihe ubi na njedebe nke Ọktoba 2021 ruru 143 rubles / ha, yana itinye ego na nkwadebe nke 300 rubles / ha na ọnụ ahịa poteto 13 rubles / kg.
Mmechi: Usoro ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ a tụrụ aro mere ka o kwe omume ịbawanye ikike nke ihe ọkụkụ ma nye ohere iji nweta uru ma n'ihe gbasara mmepụta na akụnụba. Nke a bụ ihe ọhụrụ ekwenyere n'ezie maka uto uru maka ụlọ ọrụ gị.