Mkpụrụ dị elu bụ otu n'ime ọnọdụ maka inweta mkpụrụ dị elu. Ihe ndị na-egosi àgwà ndị a dị mkpa: ịdị ọcha (enweghị adịghị ọcha nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ, ahịhịa, ọka gbajiri agbaji, ahịhịa, wdg), ike germination, germination, iru mmiri, yana enweghị mmetọ mkpụrụ site na pests na ọrịa. N'inwe data a na mbido mbụ nke ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ, ugbo nwere ike iji ihe onwunwe ha rụọ ọrụ nke ọma iji nweta nnukwu mkpụrụ. Ịkwadebe mkpụrụ maka oge ọzọ na-amalite ozugbo owuwe ihe ubi. Nke mbụ, mmiri dị n'ime mkpụrụ osisi mgbe a na-enyocha mkpụrụ nke nwere oke iru mmiri nwere ike kpoo onwe ya ọkụ (ọkụ) n'oge nchekwa, caking, ire ere na ịkpụzi. Na-esote nhazi nke mkpụrụ sitere na adịghị ọcha nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ, ahịhịa, ọka gbajiri agbaji, ahịhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Iji chọpụta ogo nke mkpụrụ osisi, ndị na-emepụta ugbo nwere ike ịkpọtụrụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" na mpaghara Krasnoyarsk. Alaka ahụ nwere ngalaba 18 na mpaghara mpaghara, nke nọchitere anya na 21 obodo (mpaghara) nke mpaghara ahụ. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị ọkachamara anyị na-enyocha àgwà mkpụrụ osisi ma na-enye ndụmọdụ.
Mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ osisi na mmepe nke ihe ọkụkụ na-aga n'ihu n'ọhịa na-emetụta kpọmkwem site na mmetọ nke mkpụrụ osisi na ọrịa. Site na nzụlite na-efe efe mbụ siri ike, anyị ga-enweta ome mgbe e mesịrị, osisi na-adịghị ike n'oge oge na-eto eto, ọrịa mbụ na-ebute ọrịa ndị nje na-efe efe bụ ikuku na ikuku. Nyochaa ihe mkpụrụ osisi na-enyere aka n'ugbo na-aga nke ọma ịbịarute ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ ma chekwaa ego.
N'ihe dị ka 09.04.2024/158,32/1132, ndị ọkachamara sitere na alaka nke Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" na Krasnoyarsk Territory nyochara 2023 puku tọn (223 batches) nke mkpụrụ ọka na ihe ọkụkụ sitere na XNUMX owuwe ihe ubi na ugbo XNUMX.
Ọka. N'ihi phytoexpertise, e guzobere ya:
- ngụkọta ọrịa nke ọka wit, ọka bali na mkpụrụ oats bụ ugboro 1,2 dị ala karịa afọ gara aga - 20,0, 16,9% na 16,5%, n'otu n'otu;
- ọrịa nke ọka osisi na mgbọrọgwụ ire ere adịghị gafere emerụ ụzọ nke 15%. Ọrịa gbasara ihe ọkụkụ bụ: 8,2% - ọka wit, 7,1% - ọka bali na 3,3% - ọka, nke dị ala karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ gara aga maka otu ụbọchị.
- helminthosporium na fusarium mgbọrọgwụ rots na-apụta na ihe mkpụrụ osisi, ebe nrịanrịa nke mkpụrụ osisi bụ 1,4 na 2,1 ugboro ala karịa afọ gara aga, n'otu n'otu;
- A hụrụ smut spores na 7% nke mkpụrụ ọka a nyochara. A na-ebute mkpụrụ osisi nke mkpụrụ osisi ọka na smut, tumadi na ogo adịghị ike;
- ọka wit na-kacha mmeru na durum smut ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ otu mpaghara, ọka bali na Central otu na oats na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ otu.
Usu. N'ihi phytoexpertise, e guzobere ya:
- mkpokọta nke ọrịa na mkpụrụ ihe nke leguminous kụrụ bụ 11,3%, nke fọrọ nke nta na larịị nke gara aga afọ (11,6%);
- A na-ebutekarị mkpụrụ osisi ascochyta blight (78% nke olu nyochara), nke nwere oke 3,5%. Ascochyta blight, dị ka fusarium blight, nwere ike ime ka mgbọrọgwụ ire ere nke seedlings;
- fusarium (isi causative gị n'ụlọnga nke mgbọrọgwụ ire ere) e kwuru na 64% nke a na-amụ olu peas, na a juru ebe nile nke 1,1%;
- Achọpụtara blight nke Alternaria na 71% nke mkpụrụ osisi enyochala, nkezi pasent nke ọrịa butere bụ 2,6%;
- fungi na-akpụ akpụ na-emetụta 48% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpụrụ osisi a na-amụ na ihe ruru 1,5%;
- Achọpụtara ọrịa nje na 48% nke olu nyochara, nkezi pasent nke mkpụrụ nke nje bacteria metụtara bụ 2,0%;
- A hụrụ ire ere isi awọ n'otu akụkụ nke mkpụrụ osisi pea (20% nke olu a na-enyocha) yana oke 0,4%.
Nyocha nke mkpụrụ àgwà nke osisi na-aga n'ihu.