D. Yu. Ryazantsev, E. M. Chudinova, L. Yu. Kokaeva, S. N. Elansky, P. N. Balabko, G. L. Belova, S. K. Zavriev
Ngwurugwu phytopathogenic Colletotrichum coccodes na-akpata ọrịa ndị dị ize ndụ na nduku na tomato a maara dị ka anthracnose na tuber ojii. Site na njirimara ọdịdị, ha na-esikarị ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrịa nke microorganisms ndị ọzọ kpatara; na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ tomato mkpụrụ osisi, ọrịa nwere ike ịbụ asymptomatic, gosi onwe ya naanị na mfri eke-acha ọbara ọbara mkpụrụ osisi. Maka nyocha ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi nke pathogen, a na-enye usoro nnwale PCR oge. Developzụlite usoro nyocha, e kpebiri usoro nucleotide nke glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase site na mkpụrụ ndụ nke 45 C. na-akpata nsogbu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na tuber nduku na mpaghara dị iche iche nke Russia.
Dabere na nsonaazụ ndị enwetara na nyocha nke usoro ndị ọzọ nke ụdị ndị ọzọ dị na nchekwa data GenBank, e mere ụdị ihe ndozi-ụdị na nyocha maka C. Iji chọpụta otu usoro nyocha emere, PCR rụrụ DNA site na ọdịbendị dị ọcha nke ụdị 15 dị iche iche nke parasitic na saprotrophic fungi metụtara osisi tomato na nduku (Fusarium oxysporum, F. verticillium, Phomopsis phaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium solani, Colletotrichum coccodes Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Helminthosporium solani, Phomopsis phaseoli, Neonectria radicicola, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium fulvum, C. cladosporioides). Ọnụnọ nke Colletotrichum coccodes DNA kpebiri na ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke 20-27, ebe a na-achọpụta ụdị ndị ọzọ mgbe emesịrị 40 ma ọ bụ na achọpụtaghị ya. Usoro nyocha na-eme ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta nke ọma C. na-eme ka uche DNA gbakwunye karịa 0.01 ng / mm3 na ngwakọta PCR nyochara. N'iji usoro nyocha mepụtara, ọnụnọ nke C. coccodes na epupụta tomato na ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa fungal na tubers poteto na-enweghị mgbaàmà mpụga nke ọrịa ahụ. A na-anakọta epupụta nwere mgbaàmà nke ọrịa fungal site na mpaghara abụọ dị na Krasnodar Territory, tubers - site na mpaghara dị na Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. A hụrụ otu akwụkwọ tomato nwere C. coccodes DNA na Krasnodar Territory; a hụrụ ọnụnọ dị ịrịba ama nke DNA nke nje a na nchọpụta 5 nke tubers toro na mpaghara Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga.
Okwu Mmalite
Ero dị iche iche nke genus Colletotrichum bụ phytopathogens dị egwu na-emetụta ọka, akwụkwọ nri, ahịhịa, mkpụrụ osisi perennial na osisi beri. Otu n'ime ụdị ubi a nwere ebe niile, Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr).
Hughes, bụ ihe na-akpata anthracnose na ntụpọ ojii nke poteto na tomato, ma na-ebute ọrịa nke ọtụtụ osisi ndị ọzọ nke ezinụlọ Solanaceae, gụnyere. ahịhịa (Dillard, 1992). C. coccodes na-emetụta akụkụ ala niile nke osisi, ntọala, akwụkwọ, na mkpụrụ osisi (Andrivon et al., 1998; Johnson, 1994). Na bee nke nje nduku tubers, mmepe nke isi awọ tụrụ na indistinctly akpọ n'ọnụ, a hụrụ na nke oji ntụpọ nke sporulation na microsclerotia bụ n'ụzọ doro anya na-ahụ anya. N'oge nchekwa, ọnya nwere ọdịnaya dị nro nwere ike ịmalite na pulp nke tubers, yabụ ọrịa na-abanye na usoro anthracnose, nke, n'agbanyeghị, ọ dị oke ụkọ.
N'otu oge ahụ, ihe mgbaàmà nke anthracnose (ọnya anụ ahụ nwere obere ntụpọ ojii) na-ahụkarị na mkpụrụ osisi tomato. Na epupụta, mgbaàmà nke C. coccodes na-apụta dị ka agba aja aja gbara ọchịchịrị, nke na-adịkarị ya na anụ edo edo (Johnson, 1994).
Mmepe nke ntụpọ ojii na tubers na-emebi ọdịdị ha, nke a na-akpọkarị ya mgbe ị na-ere nduku na-acha uhie uhie. Okpukpo ahihia nke Peel na-eduga na nhichapụ nke ọma na ọnye nchekwa nchekwa (Agụụ, McIntyre, 1979). Mmebi nke akụkụ osisi ndị ọzọ na-eduga ná mfu ọnwụ, nke e kwuru na ma oghere ma mechiri emechi (Johnson, 1994; Tsror et al., 1999). Ọrịa ndị C. coccodes kpatara na-adịkarị n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara niile na-emepụta nduku nke ụwa, gụnyere Russia (Leesa, Hilton, 2003; Belov et al, 2018). Njikwa nke ọrịa ndị a siri ike n'ihi ezughi oke nke fungicides dị ugbu a megide C. coccodes na enweghị ụdị na-eguzogide ọgwụ (Gụọ, Zoo, 1995).
Ihe omuma nke coccodes inwere ike idi na mkpuru ahihia (guo, zoo, 1988; Johnson et al., 1997), mkpuru osisi tomato (Ben-Daniel et al., 2010), lanarị ogologo oge na ala, na irighiri ahịhịa (Dillard, 1990) ; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) na ahihia (Raid, Pennypacker, 1987). Ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị edemede (Gụọ, zoo, 1988; Barkdoll, Davis, 1992; Johnson et al., 1997; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) egosila na mmepe nke ọrịa na nduku na tomato na-adaberekarị na inoculum na mkpụrụ na ala. Ya mere, iji belata ọghọm sitere na ọrịa ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịchọpụta (gụnyere ọnụọgụgụ) nke propagules nke ero ahụ na mkpụrụ osisi, na ala, na mkpụrụ nduku tubers na mkpụrụ osisi tomato etinye maka nchekwa. Achọpụta nchọpụta ọrịa nke ala na ala na ihe ọkụkụ naanị site na ọnụnọ nke microsclerotia, nke, agbanyeghị, a na-ahụkwa ụdị ụdị ero ndị ọzọ.
Mgbaàmà na tubers yiri nnọọ ọlaọcha akpụkpa nke ero Helminthosporium solani kpatara. Mwepu nke Colletotrichum coccodes na Helminthosporium solani n'ime omenala dị ọcha siri ike ma na-ewe ogologo oge n'ihi uto nwayọ na-edozi ahụ. Iji chọpụta ngwa ngwa coletot Colletotrichum, ọ dị mkpa iji usoro nyocha nke akụrụngwa. Usoro kachasị adaba bụ mmeghachi omume polymerase (PCR) na mmezi ya - oge PCR. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji usoro nyocha nke ndị nchọpụta Britain mepụtara (Cullen et al., 2002) maka mpaghara ITS1 nke rDNA na Europe na United States. Ojiji ya egosiputa ezigbo nsonaazụ na nyocha nkewapụrụ ndị Russia (Belov et al, 2018). Agbanyeghị, C. coccodes na-agbanwe nke ukwuu yana nchọpụta ya site na otu usoro DNA nwere ike ibute nsonaazụ na-ezighi ezi. Maka nchoputa a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi karị, achọrọ nyocha maka ọtụtụ ụdị usoro DNA dị iche iche, na njikọ nke anyị mepụtara usoro nyocha mbụ nke na-enye ohere ịchọpụta C. coccodes site na usoro nke glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.
Akụrụngwa na ụzọ
Iji nyochaa ịdị irè na nke doro anya nke usoro ule e kere eke, anyị jiri ọdịbendị dị ọcha nke ụdị ero 15 dị iche iche nke ndị edemede wepụtara site na nrịanrịa nke akwụkwọ tomato na mkpụrụ osisi, tubers potato (Table 1). Maka iche, ewepuru akụkụ nke osisi nwere ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa fungal, ọ bụghị ihe karịrị otu akụkụ kwa ohia.
Iberibe tuber nke nwere peepe, otu mpempe mkpụrụ osisi tomato, na akwụkwọ osisi ahụ metụtara ka etinyebere ya n'okpuru microscope, mgbe nke a gasịrị, a na-ebufe mycelium, spores, ma ọ bụ otu mpempe akwụkwọ na agar ọkara (wort agar) na efere Petri nwere agịga na-ekesa. Edebere ihe ndị ahụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na agar slant na ule tub na 4 Celsius C.
Ihe nlere nke akwukwo akwukwo nke nwere ihe omuma nke oria ojoo, nke ezubere maka nyocha, ngwa ngwa mgbe achiputara (n'ubi) ka etinye ya na mmanya 70% nke ethyl nke etinye n'ime ha rue mgbe nkpuru DNA. E nyefere tubers poteto na laabu ahụ, peel (2 × 1 cm ibe) site na ha, ma kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na -20 Celsius. Echekwa oyi kpọnwụrụ ruo mgbe iche DNA.
Ọdịbendị dị ọcha nke fungi maka iche nkewa DNA toro na mmiri agwa. E wepụrụ mycelium nke ero ahụ site na mmiri mmiri, kpoo na akwụkwọ ncha, kpọnwụrụ na mmiri nitrogen, homogenized, tinye na nchekwa CTAB, kpochaa ya na chloroform, jiri ngwakọta nke isopropanol na 0.5 M potassium acetate wee sachaa ugboro abụọ na mmanya 2%. DNA nke rụpụtara na-agbaze na mmiri mmiri ma debe ya na -70 ° С (Kutuzova et al., 20). A tụrụ njupụta DNA site na iji ihe ọnụọgụ abụọ nke HS DNA maka DNA tọrọ atọ na Qubit 2017 (Qiagen, Germany). Ihe ọ alcoụ Theụ ndị a alcoụrụma na ndị oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na mmiri nitrogen, mgbe ahụ, mmịpụta DNA rụrụ dị ka akọwara n'elu (maka mycelium nke ọdịnala fungal dị ọcha).
Isiokwu 1. Mmalite nke ụdị fungi na-akpata
Aha ero | Osisi, ngwa | Ebe nhọrọ |
---|---|---|
Colletotrichum coccodes 1, C. coccodes 2, C. coccodes 3, Ilyonectria crassa, Rhizoctonia solani | poteto tuber | Mpaghara Kostroma, tubers nduku nke ọgbọ ubi 1, cultivar Red Scarlett |
Kọmitii Colletotrichum 4 | akwukwo nduku | Rep. Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola |
Helminthosporium solani | poteto tuber | Mpaghara Magadan, pos. Tent, nduku tuber |
Cladosporium zuru oke | akwukwo osisi tomato | Moscow mpaghara, nnukwu-fruited tomato |
Tomatophila ọzọ | mkpụrụ osisi tomato | osụk site mkpara nke laabu nke mycology na phytopathology nke All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection |
Fusarium verticillium, Phomopsisphaseoli, Alternaria ọzọ, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Acrodontium luzulae, Penicillium sp. | mkpụrụ osisi tomato | Krasnodar Territory, district Krymsky, ude ude |
Fusarium okooko osisi | mgbọrọgwụ ọka wit | Mpaghara Moscow |
PCR rụrụ na DTprime amplifier (DNA-Technology). Maka PCR, a na-eji mbido mbụ na nyocha maka ụdị ụdị ụdị glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gene: na-aga n'ihu primer Coc70gdf –TCATGATATCATTTCTCTCACGGCA, primer Coc280gdr - TACTTGAGCATGTAGGCCTGGGT1. Na primers na-eme ka mpaghara 213 bp dịkwuo elu.
Mmeghachi omume were 50 ng nke DNA dum (na nyocha nke epupụta tubers) na 10 ng (na nyocha nke DNA nke ọdịbendị dị ọcha nke fungi). Ihe ngwakọta mmeghachi omume (35 μl) bụ nke paraffin na-ekewa n'ime akụkụ abụọ: nke dị ala (20 )l) nwere 2 μl nke ihe mmeghachi omume 10 ((750 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8; 200 mM (NH4) 2SO4; 25 mM MGCl2; 0.1% Tween- 20), 0.5 mM nke ọ bụla deoxynucleotide triphosphate, 7 pmol nke ọ bụla primer, na 4 pmol nke hydrolyzable fluorescent nyocha; nke elu nwere 1 μl nke 10 × PCR nchekwa na 1 U nke Taq polymerase.
Nkewa nke ngwakọta na paraffin na-enye ohere ịchekwa akpa ahụ ogologo oge na okpomọkụ nke 5 Celsius C na iji nye mmalite dị ọkụ maka PCR mgbe ọ kpochara ha maka minit 10 na okpomọkụ dị elu karịa 80 Celsius C. Emere PCR dị ka usoro ihe omume a si dị: 94.0 ° C - 90 s (1 cycle); 94.0 ° C - 30 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (5 cycles); 94.0 ° C - 10 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (45 cycles); 10.0 ° C - nchekwa.
Nsonazụ na mkparịta ụka
Achọpụtara usoro mkpụrụ ndụ glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase na ụdị 45 dịpụrụ adịpụ site na epupụta, ịmị, tuber poteto na mkpụrụ osisi tomato (Kutuzova, 2018) na mpaghara dị iche iche nke Russia. E kewara usoro niile nke ihe ọmụmụ niile na otu 2 dị iche na abụọ nucleotides. Edebe usoro nucleotide nke ndị nnọchianya nke otu abụọ n'okpuru nọmba KY496634 na KY496635 na GenBank.
A na-enyocha usoro primers coc70gdf, coc280gdr na nyocha cocgdz e mere na ndabere ha site na iji mmemme BLAST (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast) na usoro nile nke glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gene nke umu genus Colletotrichum na ihe ndi ozo di na nchekwa data GenBank.
Achọpụtaghị mpaghara DNA nke ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịdị ka ihe mbido na nyocha.
Achọpụtara nlebara anya nke usoro ule site na iji ihe atụ dị iche iche nke C. coccodes DNA, DNA site na akwukwo nduku bu nje anthracnose (anakọtara na 2017 na Mari El, Red Scarlett dị iche iche), na bee nke tubers metụtara ntụpọ ojii (anakọtara na mpaghara Kostroma, iche iche Red Scarlett, Isiokwu 2). Iji kwado ọnụnọ nke DNA na tubers na ahịhịa nduku, a na-ekewapụta ihe ndị na-akpata C.
Nsonaazụ nke nyocha nke uche nke usoro nnwale ahụ na-egosi na enwere ike iji ya iji nyocha nke ọma nke ọnụnọ nke C. coccodes DNA na ihe atụ mgbe ngụkọta ọdịnaya ya na ngwakọta PCR karịrị 0.05 ng. Nke a zuru oke maka nchọpụta, ebe ọ bụ na otu sclerotia nwere, na nkezi, 0.131 ng, na otu spore nwere ihe dị ka 0.04 ng nke DNA (Cullen et al., 2002). Usoro ule nke ndi Bekee meputara (Cullen et al., 2002) gosiputara uche yiri nke a (uzo ngbanye 34 na 0.05 ng DNA na 37 na 0.005 ng).
Nyocha nke ihe okike ndị nwere C. coccodes n'ọnọdụ niile mere ka o kwe omume ịdabere na ọnụnọ ya na nlele (Table 2). Thezọ a chọrọ maka ịdịpụ DNA dịkwa mkpa maka nyocha nke ụdị mkpụrụ osisi.
Isiokwu 2. Mkpebi nke uche nke usoro ule a chọrọ iji mata Colletotrichum coccodes maka PCR oge
Ọfọn | Ọnụ DNA na nlele *, ng | Okirikiri uzo | C. nchọpụta coccodes |
---|---|---|---|
Mycelium Colletotrichum coccodes | 50 | 21.3 | + |
5 | 25.7 | + | |
0.5 | 29,7 | + | |
0.05 | 33.5 | + | |
0.005 | 40 | - | |
0.0005 | 42.8 | - | |
0.00005 | - | ||
Tuber bee 1 | 50 | 32 | + |
Tuber bee 2 | 50 | 30 | + |
Tuber bee 3 | 50 | 31.5 | + |
Akwụkwọ nduku | 50 | 29.5 | + |
Rịba ama. * Na ngwakọta nke ngwaahịa PCR.
A nwalere usoro nke usoro nnwale ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ DNA ewepụtara site na ụdị fungi iri na ise. A na - ekewapụta ụdị ero dị iche iche nke ndị na - ede akwụkwọ site na mkpụrụ osisi metụtara na ahụ ike na epupụta tomato, tubers potato; otu nje dị iche site na mgbọrọgwụ ọka wit (Isiokwu 15). N'etiti ụdị ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ site na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, enwekwara ụdị ndị na-anaghị emetụta ọrịa maka tomato (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus).
Nnyocha egosiwo na a chọpụtara C. coccodes DNA na mbata ọnụ ụzọ nke 20-27, ebe achọpụtaghị ụdị fungal ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ nye mgbama mgbe okirikiri 40, nke enwere ike ịpụta na ụda mkpọtụ na-enweghị isi (Table 3).
Isiokwu 3. ckinglele usoro nyocha maka ụdị ero dị iche iche
Aha ero | Okirikiri uzo |
Kọlọtọ Colletotrichum 1 | 20.9 |
C. na -agụ 2 | 22.6 |
C. na -agụ 3 | 23 |
C. na -agụ 4 | 22 |
Fusarium okooko osisi | > 40 |
F. ogwugwo | > 40 |
Rhizoctonia solani | > 40 |
Phomopsis phaseoli | > 40 |
Alternaria alternata | > 40 |
A. tomatofila | > 40 |
Helminthosporium solani | > 40 |
Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus | > 40 |
Stemphylium vesicarium | > 40 |
Ilyonectria jiri | > 40 |
Cladosporium cladosporioides | > 40 |
C. zuru | > 40 |
Acrodontium dị elu | > 40 |
Penicillium NS. | > 40 |
Rịba ama. * Ọnụ ọgụgụ DNA dị na nyocha niile bụ 10 ng.
Ejiri sistemu ule mepụtara iji chọpụta C. coccodes na mpempe akwụkwọ tomato nwere mgbaàmà nke necrotrophic pathogens na mkpụrụ nduku tubers enweghị mgbaàmà a na-ahụ anya. Maka ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, anyị were mkpụrụ tubers nke ụdị dị iche iche toro na mpaghara Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. A na-ewere ọnụnọ nke C. coccodes DNA dị ka ihe dị mkpa na ihe atụ, na nyocha nke usoro mbido ahụ agafeghị 35. A họpụtara uru ọnụ ụzọ a dabere na mkpebi siri ike nke 0.05 ng nke C. na-eme ka DNA (mkpụrụ ndụ mbata 33.5, Isiokwu 2) na eziokwu ahụ a na-achọpụta ọnụ ụzọ dị n'elu 40, DNA na-enweghị nkọwa nke ụdị ụdị ero ndị ọzọ. Site na usoro a, ọnụnọ dị ịrịba ama nke C. coccodes DNA ka achọpụtara na ụdị 5 nke tubers toro na mpaghara Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga na otu akwụkwọ tomato sitere na mpaghara Yeisk nke mpaghara Krasnodar (Tebụl 4, 5).
Isiokwu 4. Nchọpụta nke colletotrichum coccodes na nduku tubers *
Nọmba nlele | Nduku dịgasị iche iche | Ebe na-eto | C. nchọpụta coccodes | Okirikiri uzo |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Uhie uhie | Mpaghara Kostroma | + | 35 |
2 | + | 35 | ||
3 | - | 38 | ||
4 | Sante | Mpaghara Moscow | + | 34 |
5 | - | |||
6 | - | 41 | ||
7 | - | 41.8 | ||
8 | + | 30 | ||
9 | Zhukovsky n'isi | Mpaghara Moscow | - | 40.5 |
10 | - | 40.6 | ||
11 | - | |||
12 | Molite | Mpaghara Kaluga | + | 34.3 |
13 | - | 38.4 | ||
14 | Iche echiche | Mpaghara Kaluga | - | |
15 | Gala | Nizhny Novgorod mpaghara. | - | |
16 | - |
Rịba ama. * Ọnụ ọgụgụ DNA dị na nyocha niile bụ 50 ng.
Isiokwu 5. Nchọpụta nke colletotrichum coccodes na tomato epupụta *
Nọmba nlele | Ebe na-eto | C. nchọpụta coccodes | Okirikiri uzo |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mpaghara Krasnodar, District nke Crimea | - | |
2 | - | ||
3 | - | ||
4 | - | 45 | |
5 | - | ||
6 | - | ||
7 | - | ||
8 | - | ||
9 | Mpaghara Krasnodar, Yeisk District | - | 39.2 |
10 | - | 40.8 | |
11 | - | ||
12 | - | 41.6 | |
13 | - | 40 | |
14 | - | 41 | |
15 | - | 41.9 | |
16 | - | ||
17 | - | ||
18 | - | 40.3 | |
19 | - | ||
20 | - | ||
21 | + | 34.5 | |
22 | - | ||
23 | - |
* Ọnụ ọgụgụ DNA nke ihe niile dị na 50 ng.
Usoro nyocha nke anyị mepụtara adịghị dị ala karịa nke ndị nchọpụta Britain mere (Cullen et al., 2002) n'ichepụta na nkọwapụta doro anya ma dabara adaba maka nyocha nke ihe atụ osisi. Ntinye ya maka nyocha nke mkpuru nkpuru mere ka o kwe omume ichota C. coccodes DNA na tubers na-enweghị ihe ịrịba ama nke mmebi mpụga na iji nyochaa nke ọma nje ọrịa nke epupụta.
Ruo ugbu a, ọ nweghị nyocha nke nduku nduku maka ọrịa nke C. coccodes ka emere na Russia. Nnyocha mbụ anyị gosiri na n'ime mkpụrụ iri isii na-eto eto a nwapụtara na-eto eto na mpaghara dị iche iche nke Russian Federation, 16 nwere C. coccodes. Nke a na-egosi na ntụpọ ojii nke poteto nduku bụ ọrịa nduku na-arịakarị na Russia, a na-elelịkwa ọrụ ya na mbenata olu na ogo nke akuku nduku.
Nnyocha nke akwụkwọ tomato kpughere ọnụnọ dị ịrịba ama nke C. coccodes DNA n'otu akwụkwọ si na mpaghara Yeisk nke Krasnodar Territory. N'oge gara aga, mgbe ị na-enyocha usoro tomato na ndịda Russia site na iji usoro nnwale nke Britain (Cullen et al., 2002), a hụrụ akwụkwọ epupụta nwere C. coccodes, na mpaghara ụfọdụkwa nnukwu akwụkwọ epupụta metụtara C coccodes (Belov et al., 2018). Na mpaghara Krasnodar na Primorsky, na mpaghara Moscow, anyị hụrụ mkpụrụ osisi tomato, site na nke anyị jisiri ike wezuga ọdịbendị dị ọcha nke C. coccodes. O nwere ike ịbụ na C. coccodes juru ebe niile na tomato na Russia karịa ka ekwenyere ugbu a, yana elelịkwa nsị ya.
N'ihi ya, ruo ugbu a, a na-akwakọba ihe ọmụma zuru ezu na nkesa C. coccodes na nduku na tomato.
Iji ghọtakwuo ọrụ nke ero a na mmepe nke ọrịa nduku na tomato, ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa njupụta ya na Russia, mụọ ọrụ nke ala na mkpụrụ mkpụrụ, yana ọrụ nke ntụpọ ojii na nfu n'oge nchekwa. Ojiji nke nyocha nke PCR nwere ike ịkwado ọrụ a n'ụzọ doro anya, yana iji usoro ule abụọ eme ihe n'otu oge ga-eme ka nyocha nke nyocha ahụ dịkwuo elu.
Ọrụ enyemaka sitere na Russian Science Foundation nke 18-76-00009 kwadoro ọrụ a.
Edere isiokwu ahụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Mycology and Phytopathology" (olu 54, Mba 1, 2020).