Association «Soyuzstarch» gosipụtara nsonaazụ ụlọ ọrụ maka 2022. Ụlọ ọrụ nhazi ọka na-aga n'ihu na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ ma na-aga n'ihu. Na 2022, mmepụta nke starches gbanwetụrụ na maltodextrin mụbara nke ukwuu - nnọchi mbubata na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ụdị ngwaahịa ndị a. Na 2022, n'ihi mmụba nke logistics na-akwụ ụgwọ, mgbagwoju anya nke azụmahịa azụmahịa na destabilization nke onunu, ma mbupụ na mbubata nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa si ọka miri nhazi ụlọ ọrụ ebelata nke ukwuu. Ndị ọchịchị ewepụtala usoro dị iche iche iji kwado ụlọ ọrụ ahụ; usoro nkwado adịlarị ma ụlọ ọrụ na-eji ya.
Njikọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nhazi ọka dị elu na-egosipụta ọtụtụ ihe omume dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2022. N'afọ gara aga, ụlọ ọrụ chere ihe ịma aka ọhụrụ ihu: ịmepụta ụdọ ọkọnọ ọhụrụ maka akụrụngwa, akụrụngwa, enzymes na reagents. Ọzọkwa, ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbalịrị ịbawanye ikike, ịbawanye mmepụta ngwaahịa, ma dochie ụfọdụ ụdị mbubata. N'ozuzu, 2022 kwụsịrị na mgbanwe dị mma maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
Ụlọ ọrụ nhazi ọka miri emi nke Russia na-arụ ọrụ ihe dị ka nde tọn 2,5 nke ọka ma na-emepụta ihe dị ka nde tọn 1 nke ngwaahịa emechara. Ụlọ ọrụ a dị na Russia ka na-anọgide na-enwe niche, ma ọ nwere ohere ọ bụla ịzụlite, malite ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ, mmepụta ahịrị na ịbanye n'ahịa mbupụ ọhụrụ. A na-emepe ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ.
Ụlọ ọrụ nke nhazi ọka miri emi na-akwadosi ike site na steeti. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-enye ndị na-emepụta starch ego mgbazinye ego mgbe ha na-emepụta ma ọ bụ na-emeziwanye ụlọ ọrụ na mgbazinye ego maka ịzụrụ akụrụngwa maka nhazi na-esote. Enwekwara nha iji kwụọ ụgwọ ngwa ngwa mgbe ị na-ebupụ ngwaahịa, nkwụghachi ụgwọ mgbe ụlọ ọrụ na-esonye na mmemme ngosi yana usoro nkwado ndị ọzọ.
Ndokwa ọhụrụ nke Iwu Federal "Na ọka" abanyela n'ọrụ, dịka nke FSIS "ọka" si kwuo. Na 2022, ịkọ akụkọ na sistemụ maka ndị nrụpụta bụ afọ ofufo, mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ niile na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na sistemụ traceability. Site na Machị 1, 2023, ịnye ozi gbasara ngwaahịa nhazi ọka na sistemụ abụrụla iwu.
N'iburu n'uche usoro nkwado steeti, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ egosila mmụba dị ukwuu na olu nke ngwaahịa emepụtara (Table 1), ya mere enwere mbelata n'usoro n'usoro dabere na mbubata nke ọtụtụ ngwaahịa nwere uru agbakwunyere dị elu ( Tebụl 2), mgbasawanye nke ahịrị ngwaahịa, yana ohere ịbanye n'ahịa mba ụwa ọhụrụ (Table 3).
Ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site n'afọ ruo n'afọ na-egosi uto ngwa ngwa ma kwụsie ike. Dị ka atụmatụ Rosstat na Association si kwuo, na 2022, anyị na-ahụ mmụba kachasị ukwuu (39%) na mmepụta nke starches gbanwere, nke bụ n'ihi mkpa ọ dị iji dochie analogues ndị a na-ebubata na mgbanwe nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na ngwaahịa ụlọ - afọ a mmepụta nke dị iche iche. ụdị mgbanwe nri nke starch ruru tọn 94.
Mmepụta nke amino acid lysine, nke ụlọ ọrụ abụọ na-emepụta na Russia, mụbara site na 22% n'afọ. Na 2022, mmepụta nke ụlọ L-lysine sulfate ruru tọn 142.
Ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ sitere na starch gosipụtara uto nke 1% ruo 10% (Table 1). Mmepụta nke dextrins ejirila 72% belata, mana ngwaahịa a nwere obere akụkụ na ụlọ ọrụ.
Isiokwu 1 - Mmepụta nke starch na ngwaahịa starch, tọn
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dị ike 2022 ruo 2021,% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Starches, ewezuga gbanwetụrụ (nwa afọ) | 294 654 | 324 914 | 354 032 | 374 812 | 6 |
Dextrins | 8 165 | 9 526 | 10 5324 | 2 939 | -72 |
starch emezigharịrị | 58 804 | 61 103 | 68 006 | 94 355 | 39 |
Glucose-fructose sirop | 152 504 | 200 625 | 260 002 | 278 190 | 7 |
Maltodextrin | 19 131 | 20 073 | 49 773 | 54 960 | 10 |
Sirop starch (glucose sirop) | 466 648 | 467 235 | 476 940 | 494 103 | 1 |
Lysine | 80 000 | 90 000 | 117 000 | 142 729 | 22 |
Dị ka Federal Customs Service si kwuo, mbubata starch na ihe ndị sitere na ya ebelatala afọ a maka ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi. Ewepụ ya bụ lysine n'ụdị abụọ (sulfate na monohydrochloride), mbubata nke mụbara site na 37%, nke mere ka ọ dị mfe site na enweghị ọrụ mbubata mbubata (Table 2).
Mbelata kasị ukwuu na 2022 ruo 2021 mere n'ụdị starch sirop (glucose syrups) - ugboro 109. Mbubata nke maltodextrin belatara site na 71%, mbubata nke dextrins belatara site na 59%, starch gbanwere site na 46%, starch nke ala na-ebubata site na 24% yana glucose-fructose syrups site na 4%, otu, obere.
Isiokwu 2 - Mbubata nke starch na ngwaahịa starch, tọn
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dị ike 2022 ruo 2021,% | |
Starches, ewezuga gbanwetụrụ (nwa afọ) | 22 363 | 24 574 | 40 225 | 32 341 | -24 |
starch emezigharịrị | 95 958 | 94 656 | 103 541 | 71 076 | -46 |
Glucose-fructose sirop | 422 | 257 | 5 467 | 5 261 | -4 |
Dextrins | 1 079 | 889 | 1 489 | 938 | -59 |
Maltodextrin | 14 625 | 10 038 | 5 740 | 3 359 | -71 |
Sirop starch (glucose sirop) | 4 082 | 794 | 8 320 | 76 | 10-847 |
Lysine | 60 834 | 53 352 | 43 130 | 68 783 | 37 |
Mbupụ ngwaahịa agbakwunyere ọnụ ahịa dị elu na 2022 belatara nke ukwuu maka ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi, n'ihi nkesa ahịa na nnọchi nke ihe achọrọ n'ahịa ụlọ.
A na-ahụ mbelata kasị ukwuu na mbupụ site na 542% na mbupụ nke lysine - 7 puku na 442. Nke a bụ n'ihi mmachibido iwu mbupụ nke lysine na mpụga Russia, nke dịgidere ruo njedebe nke 2022.
N'ụdị ndị ọzọ, mbelata dị ukwuu na 2022 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2021 mere na sirop glucose-fructose, nke 273% dị obere ka ebupụrụ - 394 tọn. Enwere 226% obere sirop starch - 7 tọn, 442% obere starch emezigharịrị, 61% obere maltodextrin. Mbupụ nke dextrin ji 8% mụbaa (Table 90).
Ahịa mbupụ maka ngwaahịa ngwaahịa dị iche iche. N'otu oge ahụ, mbupụ nke ngwaahịa a na-edozi nke ọma na-elekwasị anya na mba ndị dị na Middle East, Africa na South America. A na-ebupụ sirop nke glucose n'ụdị mmiri na Turkmenistan na Uzbekistan. A na-ebupụ ọnụ ọgụgụ isi nke syrups glucose n'ụdị akọrọ na Lebanon na Jọdan. Ahịa ahịa Maltodextrin gụnyere karịa mba 40, gụnyere Cote d'Ivoire, South Africa, UAE, Chile, Egypt, Colombia, Ghana, Turkey, Dominican Republic. Starches Cationic gbanwetụrụ na-aga Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, na Tajikistan. A na-ebuga starch a gbanwere agbanwe, bụ́ ndị e ji emepụta kaadiboodu na mmepụta mmanụ, na Iraq, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Turkey, Tajikistan, na Turkmenistan.
Isiokwu 3 - Mbupụ nke starch na ngwaahịa starch, tọn
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dị ike 2022 ruo 2021,% | |
Starches, ewezuga gbanwetụrụ (nwa afọ) | 29 279 | 26 257 | 48 814 | 38 366 | -27 |
starch emezigharịrị | 7 151 | 7 484 | 8 142 | 5 072 | -61 |
Glucose-fructose sirop | 852 | 334 | 1 470 | 394 | -273 |
Dextrins | 461 | 461 | 166 | 1 705 | 90 |
Maltodextrin | 981 | 1235 | 13 536 | 12 577 | -8 |
Sirop starch (glucose sirop) | 19 834 | 33 764 | 24 250 | 7 442 | -226 |
Lysine | 1 652 | 736 | 616 | 96 | -542 |
Taa, isi ụdị akụrụngwa maka mmepụta nke ọka starch na Russia na-anọgide na omenala ọka na ọka wit. Ọzọkwa, akụkụ starch ọka na-enwe oke kachasị na mkpokọta oriri, ma n'ụzọ anụ ahụ na nke ego.
Mmepụta starch ọka abawanyela ma e jiri ya tụnyere afọ gara aga, yana tọn 2022 emepụtara na 316. Mbubata ruru tọn 599, na mbupụ ruru tọn 5. A na-enye starch ọka na Colombia, Cote D'Ivoire, Ecuador na obodo ndị ọzọ (Ihe osise 262).
Eserese 1 - ọka starch, tọn
Mmepụta starch nduku ka nọ n'otu ọkwa - tọn 11 na 131 karịa tọn 2022 na 11. Mbubata starch nduku belatara ntakịrị - nke ruru tọn 483 na 2021 ma e jiri ya tụnyere puku tọn 10500 na 2021. Mbupụ agbadala nke ukwuu - ruo tọn 4800 kwa afọ (Ihe osise 2020).
Eserese 3 - nduku starch, tọn