North Caucasus Federal District gụnyere isiokwu gọọmentị etiti asaa:
• Republic of Dagestan,
• Republic of Ingushetia,
• Kabardino-Balkarian Republic,
• Karachay-Cherkess Republic,
• Republic of North Ossetia – Alania,
• Chechen Republic,
• Mpaghara Stavropol.
Ala: 172,4 puku square km
Ọnụ ọgụgụ: 9 ndị mmadụ, nke 967% bụ ndị bi n'ime ime obodo.
Ọnọdụ ala: n'ebe ndịda nke Europe nke Russia, Central na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke North Caucasus.
Ihu igwe: na mbara ọzara - kọntinent, akọrọ. N'ebe ugwu ọ na-adịkwu agafeghị oke na iru mmiri, n'ugwu ọ na-adị mma nke ukwuu, na efere mmiri ọ na-ekpo ọkụ. Oge oyi na-enwe ntakịrị snow, oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ. Nkezi okpomọkụ na Jenụwarị bụ -3,2°C (n'ugwu ruru -10°C), na Julaị +20,4°C (n'ugwu ruru +14°C). Mmiri ozuzo bụ 300-500 millimeters kwa afọ (na larịị), na foothills - ihe karịrị 600 millimeters.
Enyemaka: Ọtụtụ n'ime mpaghara ahụ bụ mpaghara steppe (n'akụkụ ugwu na etiti mpaghara). Mpaghara ukwu dị n'ebe ndịda wee si n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ruo na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-atụgharị n'ugwu nke Caucasus.
Ala: 26% - ala chestnut na ogige, ala ahịhịa-chestnut, karịa 25% - chernozems na ala ahịhịa-chernozem. Karịrị 6%
nọrọ n'ala ahịhịa ndụ, nke kachasị solonetzic na solonchakous, ihe karịrị 4% bụ aja aja na ahịhịa-aja aja, 3% ọzọ bụ idei mmiri.
ala. Aja mejupụtara ihe karịrị 4% nke mpaghara mpaghara, licks nnu na mmiri mmiri - karịa 1%. Ihe karịrị 7% nke mkpuchi ala na-anọchi anya ala aja aja, ihe karịrị 20% site na ugwu-ahịhịa na ugwu-ahịhịa-steppe ala (data si System Ozi "Soil-geographical database nke Russia").
Ala ubi ebe a na-akọ ugbo: 3153847 ha.
Ugbo - otu n'ime ndị isi ngalaba nke akụ na ụba mpaghara (ebe anọ n'etiti mpaghara nke Russian Federation na mmepụta nke akwụkwọ nri, ọka).
na ọka ọka: ihe dị ka 15,6% akwụkwọ nri, 10% ọka na legumes, 4,7% poteto na sugar beets).
Пala-onodu ihu igwe mma maka na-eto eto nduku . N'ime mpaghara niile, ọ ga-ekwe omume inweta ihe ubi abụọ n'otu oge. Isi nsogbu na-egbochi mmepe nke nduku na-eto eto na North Caucasian Federal District: enweghị mkpụrụ osisi dị elu nke ụdị zoned, enweghị teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na enweghị ohere nchekwa.
REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Mpaghara: 50,27 puku square mita. km
N'ịbụ nke dị na mkpọda ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Greater Caucasus na akụkụ nke Caspian Lowland, 67% nke ókèala ahụ bụ ala ọrụ ugbo.
Mmepe nke ugbo na-ekpebi n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ụzọ ndụ nke ihe karịrị ọkara ndị bi: banyere 55% nke ụmụ amaala bi.
ime obodo.
A na-akọ nduku na Dagestan na mpaghara niile nke okike na nke ihu igwe, site na ala mkpọda ugwu dị elu nke ruru 2500.
mita n'elu oke osimiri, ruo na mbara ala Caspian, nke dị n'okpuru oke osimiri (-28 m).
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 98% nke mmepụta nduku na-etinye uche na nzuzo nke ndị mmadụ. Kwa afọ, maka cultivation nke akuku na
A na-ekenye Republic a ihe dị ka hectare puku iri na itoolu (na ugbo nke ụdị niile). Ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 19, 1, a na-egbute poteto site na hectare 2021 na mba ahụ,
339,4 puku tọn ka e gwupụtara na mkpụrụ nke 187 c/ha.
Ebe ndị na-eto eto nduku bụ Levashinsky (ihe karịrị hectare 3 n'okpuru poteto), Akushinsky (2,1 puku hectare), Khasavyurtovsky (1430 hectare).
na Buinaksky (1280 ha).
Na ngalaba ahaziri ahazi, a na-ekenye hectare 2021 nke ala ubi maka ịkọ nduku na 400. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara sitere na Ministry of Agriculture na Food dere:
Na Dagestan, ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ a n'ọtụtụ ebe chọrọ itinye ego buru ibu, yana ịnweta akụrụngwa pụrụ iche. Iji kpalite mgbasawanye nke ebe na-eto eto nduku, ngalaba ahụ na-ezube ịkwado akụkụ nke ọnụ ahịa ígwè ọrụ ugbo zụrụ.
Ihe dị oke mkpa na-egbochi mmepe nke nduku na-eto eto na mba ahụ bụkwa enweghị ihe ọkụkụ dị elu. Ala na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Dagestan dị mma maka ịkụ mkpụrụ nduku, gụnyere nhazi nke mmepụta mkpụrụ mbụ na-enweghị nje. Ma mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ihe ọkụkụ na-abịa na Republic site na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke Russian Federation, ọ na-abụkarị ndị na-adịghị mma na ụdị ndị na-edeghị aha, nke na-emetụta ihe ngosi arụpụtaghị ihe na oke owuwe ihe ubi.
Ọ dị mma ịmara na ọtụtụ n'ime ala nke mba ahụ, nke bụ isi ala a na-akụ mkpụrụ, dị na mpaghara mmiri na-ezughị ezu, ebe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume itinye aka na ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị iji mmiri mmiri. Dị ka Analytical Directorate of the Staff of the Federation Council (Analytical Bulletin No. 4 (764) si kwuo, Dagestan bụ otu n'ime nnukwu mpaghara e guzobere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.
ugbo ala mmiri, nke na-eme ihe dị ka 10% nke ala mmiri niile na Russian Federation. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ala gbara mmiri na Republic bụ 396 puku hectare. Taa, a na-emepụta ihe dị ka pasent 70 nke ihe ọkụkụ nke mba ahụ
n'ala mmiri mmiri. Mkpụrụ nduku toro n'okpuru ogbugba mmiri n'ubi ruru 60-70 t / ha.
Dị ka Dagestanstat (Otu mpaghara nke Federal State Statistics Service maka Republic of Dagestan) si kwuo, n'ụdị ugbo niile:
Osị | 2018 | 1019 | 2020 |
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 19818 | 18972 | 18000 |
oke owuwe ihe ubi, puku tọn | 356,2 | 353,4 | 357,0 |
mkpụrụ, etiti ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 186,2 |
KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC
12,5 puku sq. km
Ọ dị na ugwu ugwu nke etiti Caucasus na n'akụkụ ala dị nso. Ala ubi nwere ihe dịka 55,8% nke ókèala ahụ. Isi ntụziaka nke mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ bụ ịkọ ọka na ihe ọkụkụ.
Isi mmepụta mpịakọta na-lekwasị na Zolsky, Prokhladnensky, Baksansky, Maysky na Tersky mpaghara. Dị ka Ministry of Agriculture of Kabardino-Balkaria si kwuo, ihe dị ka 52% nke mkpokọta mmepụta sitere na ngalaba mmepụta ihe yana 48% site na atụmatụ enyemaka nkeonwe.
Na 2021, ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 1, n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike, a na-egbute ihe ubi site na naanị hectare 6,3 (n'ugbo nke ụdị niile), 110
puku tọn puku tọn ngwaahịa nwere mkpụrụ nke 173 c / ha. Òtù ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-egbute poteto site na mpaghara 4 puku hectare, nnukwu owuwe ihe ubi ruru 0,02 puku tọn na mkpụrụ nke 0,7 c / ha.
Ala na ọnọdụ ihu igwe (okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, mmiri ozuzo, enweghị oke nke ndị na-ebu ọrịa nje, wdg) na mpaghara ugwu na ugwu ugwu nke mba ahụ ka a ghọtara dị ka ihe kachasị mma maka ịkụ mkpụrụ nduku.
Dị ka North Caucasusstat (Office nke Federal State Statistics Service maka North Caucasus Federal District), na Kabardino-Balkaria:
Osị | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
n'ugbo nile edemede | |||
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 8400 | 8300 | 7900 |
mkpụrụ, c/ha | - | 235,5 | 236,1 |
n'òtù ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo: | |||
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 2500 | 2800 | 2500 |
oke owuwe ihe ubi, puku tọn | 87,9 | 103,8 | 93,4 |
Nhọrọ nduku na mmepụta mkpụrụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọrụ na Institute of Agriculture nke Kaliningrad Scientific Center nke Russian Academy of Sciences. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na Federal Research Center maka nduku aha ya bụ. A.G. Lorkha (Moscow) na-etinye aka n'ichepụta na iwebata ụdị dị elu na-amịpụta n'ime mmepụta ugbo na mpaghara. N'ihi ọrụ nkwonkwo, ụdị nduku ise apụtala n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na-emegharị ya
ala mpaghara na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nwere mkpụrụ nke 30-35 tọn kwa hectare: Goryanka, Nart-1, Zolsky, Musinsky na Nalchiksky. A na-etinye ha niile n'akwụkwọ ndekọ aha nke mmezu nhọrọ nke Russian Federation.
Onye kacha emepụta poteto mkpụrụ na Kabardino-Balkaria bụ ụlọ ọrụ Zolsky Potato.
A na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ukwuu maka mmepe nke nkwụghachi ala na mba ahụ.
KARACHAY-CHERKASSIAN REPUBLIC
14,3 puku sq. km
Ọ dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Caucasus. Oke nke ndị bi n'ime ime obodo bụ 57,7%.
Karachay-Cherkess Republic dị iche na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke North Caucasus n'ihe gbasara nhazi nke mpaghara ala, ebe ọ bụ na maka
Ihe na-erughị ọkara nke ókèala dị mma maka ịkọ ugbo ebe a - 786,9 puku hectare. N'otu oge ahụ, ala ubi nwere naanị 155 puku hectare, ma ọ bụ 26,6% nke ala ubi.
Isi mmepụta nduku na-etinye uche na ezinụlọ.
N'afọ 2021, poteto na Karachay-Cherkessia nwere hectare 7441, nke hectare 6063 dị n'ụlọ, hectare 936 n'ugbo ndị nkịtị, hectare 442 na òtù ọrụ ugbo. Ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 1, ewepụtara ihe ubi site na hectare 6245, a na-enweta puku tọn 79,6 puku tọn na mkpụrụ nke 127,4 c/ha.
REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA – ALANIA
8 puku sq. km
Ọ dị n'ebe ugwu nke North Caucasus. Ala ugbo ruru 297,5 puku hectare, nke ala ubi
- 183,7 puku hectare.
Ihe ọkụkụ bụ́ isi a na-akọ n'ugbo a na-akọ na mba ahụ bụ ọka na mkpo, yana poteto.
Oge 2021 siri ike maka North Ossetia; n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe, ndị ọrụ ugbo ga-egbu oge iwe ihe ubi nke ukwuu. E wezụga nke ahụ, n'ime
Enwere nnukwu ụkọ ọrụ na mpaghara ahụ. N'ihi ya, ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 1, n'ugbo nke ụdị niile, a na-egbute poteto site na mpaghara dị puku hectare 2,2.
ha, 34,6 puku tọn ka anakọtara na mkpụrụ nke 157,1 c/ha. Mkpokọta mkpokọta e buru amụma bụ 96,2 puku tọn. A na-egbute poteto na ngalaba mmepụta ihe
site na mpaghara 0,2 puku hectare, 3,5 puku tọn chịkọtara na mkpụrụ nke 226,8 c / ha.
Oge ọzọ, dị ka amụma nke Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic si kwuo, a ga-amụba mpaghara ubi nduku site na hectare 900, nke ga-enyere aka belata ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa na mpaghara.
North Ossetia bụ otu n'ime mpaghara ndị na-eduga na Russia na-emepụta poteto mkpụrụ. Fat-Agro LLC bụ onye na-emepụta ihe mkpụrụ nduku na-enweghị nje dị ọcha nke ụdị dị iche iche nke nhọrọ ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa mkpụrụ nke Fat-Agro LLC na-emepụta karịrị mkpa nke mba ahụ, ya mere ụlọ ọrụ na-ere microplants, microtubers, minitubers, elite na mbụ mmepụta mkpụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ma n'ime obodo ma ná mba ọzọ. Mmepụta nke mmeputakwa
LLC Kadgaron-Agro na-amịpụtakwa mkpụrụ nduku na mba ahụ.
Mweghachi ala na-etolite na mpaghara ahụ; a na-eme atụmatụ itinye ihe karịrị hectare puku abụọ nke ala gbara mmiri n'afọ 2021.
REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA
3,6 puku sq. km
Ọ dị na mkpọda ugwu nke ugwu ukwu nke Greater Caucasus Range (n'akụkụ etiti ya) yana obere n'akụkụ ya.
ridges - Tersk, Sunzhensky na Skalist.
Dị ka North Caucasusstat (Office nke Federal State Statistics Service maka North Caucasus Federal District), na Karachay-Cherkess Republic:
Osị | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
n'ugbo nile edemede | |||
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 8700 | 7800 | 7900 |
mkpụrụ, c/ha | 123,8 | 107,9 | 104,9 |
n'òtù ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo: | |||
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 500 | 200 | 200 |
oke owuwe ihe ubi, puku tọn | 4,0 | 3,4 | 1,7 |
mkpụrụ, c/ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 0,286 |
Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ (57,5%) bi n'ime ime obodo.
Ngụkọta nke ala ubi na Ingushetia bụ ihe karịrị 150 puku hectare, nke ihe dị ka ọkara n'ime ya bụ ala ubi. Mba ahụ pụrụ iche na-akụ mkpụrụ ọka (ọka wit, buckwheat, wdg), sunflower, akwụkwọ nri na poteto.
N'afọ 2021, ebe a na-akụ poteto n'ugbo dị iche iche ruru hectare 3,7.
Dị ka North Caucasusstat si kwuo (Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasus Federal District), na Republic of North Ossetia-Alania:
Osị | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
n'ugbo nile edemede | |||
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 5000 | 4300 | 4100 |
mkpụrụ, c/ha | 99,3 | 89,2 | 96,1 |
n'òtù ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo: | |||
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 2800 | 2400 | 1100 |
oke owuwe ihe ubi, puku tọn | 32,9 | 26,9 | - |
Dị ka North Caucasusstat si kwuo (Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasus Federal District), na Ingushetia:
Osị | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
n'ugbo nile edemede | |||
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 3100 | 3000 | 2700 |
mkpụrụ, c/ha | 37,3 | 33,0 | 30,2 |
n'òtù ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo: | |||
mpaghara akụ n'okpuru nduku, ha | 703 | 750 | 500 |
oke owuwe ihe ubi, puku tọn | 4,0 | 0,4 | 0,2 |
CHECHEN REPUBLIC
16,1 puku sq. km
Ọ dị n'akụkụ mkpọda ugwu nke Greater Caucasus, yana steepụ na mbara ala dị n'akụkụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mmadụ (63,6%) bi
n'ime ime obodo. N'usoro nke ala ugbo, ala ubi nwere hectare 14. A na-akụ nduku na mpaghara ugwu niile.
Dị ka Ministry of Agriculture nke Chechen Republic si kwuo, na 2020, e kenyere hectare 600 maka poteto na mpaghara mmepụta ihe.
Mpaghara a na-enwekarị ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ya mere ọ na-etinye uche dị ukwuu na mmepe nke mgbake ala. Na 2021, na Chechen Republic, a na-eme atụmatụ itinye hectare 3 nke ala mmiri gbara mmiri, yana hectare 820 nke ala ubi a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ.
Dị ka Chechenstat (Òtù mpaghara nke Federal State Statistics Service maka Chechen Republic) si kwuo:
Osị | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
n'ugbo dị iche iche: | |||
ubi ubi n'okpuru nduku na akwukwo nri egusi, ha | 12600 | 13600 | 11700 |
oke owuwe ihe ubi, puku tọn | 32,1 | 32,7 | 38,7 |
mkpụrụ, c/ha | 100,4 | 99,9 | 94,5 |
n'òtù ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo: | |||
ubi ubi n'okpuru nduku na akwukwo nri egusi, ha | 5600 | 6500 | 4300 |
Dị ka North Caucasusstat (Office nke Federal State Statistics Service maka North Caucasus Federal District), na Stavropol Territory:
Osị | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
n'ugbo dị iche iche: | |||
ubi ubi n'okpuru nduku, ha | 14000 | 13600 | 13100 |
oke owuwe ihe ubi, puku tọn | 232,5 | 217,6 | 218,0 |
n'òtù ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo: | |||
ubi ubi n'okpuru nduku na akwukwo nri egusi, ha | 5000 | 5500 | 5200 |
oke owuwe ihe ubi, puku tọn | 115,5 | 113,0 | 137,0 |
Mpaghara STAVROPOL
66,5 puku sq. km
Ọ dị na etiti Ciscaucasia na mkpọda ugwu nke Greater Caucasus.
Ọ bụ otu n'ime mpaghara na-amịpụta ọka na Russia. Ma ọ bụkwa ihe a ma ama maka mmepụta akwụkwọ nri (eyịm, karọt, kabeeji, beets, cucumbers, tomato) na poteto. Ndị ọrụ ugbo 241 (ụlọ ọrụ ugbo 45 na ugbo 196) na-arụ ọrụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nke mpaghara ahụ bụ ndị na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ dị ka: poteto (50%), eyịm (46%), karọt (40%), ebe 60% nke beets na-emepụta site na ugbo ndị nkịtị.
Isi ụlọ ọrụ na-eto eto nduku dị na mpaghara Ipatovsky, Predgorny, Krasnogvardeysky na Kirov. Ụdị kachasị ewu ewu na mpaghara ahụ bụ Colomba, Gala, Romano, na Red Scarlett.
Na 2021, a kụrụ poteto na hectare puku isii na ngalaba mmepụta ihe. Ndị ọrụ ugbo amalitela iweta ụdị nduku n'oge
na ngwụcha Septemba, mgbe ihu igwe dị mma. Dika ndi oru ugbo ochichi (ngalaba) nke ime obodo na obodo mepere emepe distrikti, ka
Ná mmalite nke October, a na-egbute 3,2 puku tọn poteto site na mpaghara 90,4 puku hectare, na-amịpụta 280 c / ha. Na mkpokọta, e mere atụmatụ iweta 2021 puku tọn poteto na 138.
A na-ahụta mmepe nke mkpụrụ osisi ndị ama ama na ịmụ nwa dịka otu n'ime ọnọdụ kachasị mkpa maka ịba ụba mkpụrụ nduku na mpaghara ahụ.
Meristem Cultures LLC bụ naanị nzukọ dị na Stavropol Territory na-etinye aka na mmepụta mkpụrụ nduku dabere na omenala anụ ahụ. Kwa afọ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emepụta 1-2 puku tọn nke poteto mkpụrụ osisi. N'ihi ọrụ ọmụmụ, e mepụtara ụdị ọhụrụ ise.
A na-ewere mmepe nke ogbugba mmiri n'ubi dị ka isi ihe na-eme ka akụ na ụba kwụsie ike nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ahụ.
N'afọ a, a na-arụ ọrụ mmiri 14 ọhụrụ na mpaghara 26 nke mpaghara ahụ na-ekpuchi ebe karịrị puku hectare 12. Ka ọ na-erule 2024, na mpaghara Stavropol, ha na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye mpaghara ogbugba mmiri n'ubi site na ngụkọta nke 52 puku hectare. Ya mere, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2016, mpaghara mmiri mmiri ga-abawanye site na 2,5 ugboro - site na 73 puku hectare. A na-eme ihe omume na ntụzịaka a: arụrụ ọrụ ọhụrụ akwadoro maka inye ọrụ na 2022. Ha ga-ekpuchi ebe 11,5 puku hectare.