Site na magazin: Nke 3 2016
Udi: Mpaghara
Ókèala: 76624 kilomita2
Onu ogugu: 3 ndị mmadụ, nke 260% bụ ndị bi n'obodo ahụ.
Ọnọdụ ala: The Nizhny Novgorod mpaghara ókè n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Kostroma mpaghara, na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na Kirov mpaghara, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na Republics nke Mari El na Chuvashia, n'ebe ndịda - na Republic of Mordovia. ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ - na mpaghara Ryazan, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - na mpaghara Vladimir na mpaghara Ivanovo.
Ihu Igwe ihu igwe na kọntinent, na oyi, ogologo oyi na mkpụmkpụ, okpomọkụ okpomọkụ. Isi ihe dị iche na ihu igwe na-apụta n'akụkụ ugwu-n'ebe ndịda, n'etiti Volga mpaghara na Right Bank. Nkezi okpomọkụ ikuku kwa afọ na-adịgasị iche site na 3.0ºC n'ebe ugwu ruo 4.5ºC na ndịda mpaghara. N'ime afọ, ihe dịka 600-650 mm nke mmiri ozuzo na-ada na mpaghara Volga na 500-550 mm na Bank Right Bank, na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ n'ụdị mmiri ozuzo. Site na Septemba ruo May, ifufe ndịda na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ na-emeri na mpaghara ahụ, na n'oge okpomọkụ ọnwa - n'ebe ugwu-ọdịda anyanwụ. Nkezi ọsọ ifufe kwa afọ bụ 3-4 m/s.
Enyemaka: mpaghara ahụ dị na etiti mpaghara East European Plain. E kewara ókèala ahụ ụzọ abụọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nha anya: mpaghara oke ọhịa Trans-Volga (nke nwere mpaghara 42 km).2) na mpaghara Volga dị elu nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị osisi.
Ala: soddy-podzolic na podzolic ala kachasị (66% nke ókèala); ọhịa isi awọ na-eburu 16,3%; chernozem 7,9%; ala idei mmiri 3,6%; apiti na peat 6,2%.
Ala ubi ebe a na-akọ ugbo: 3059,7 puku ha
Ọrụ bụ isi na-eche ndị ọrụ ihu na ụlọ ọrụ agro-industrial nke mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod bụ iji dozie nsogbu nke afọ ojuju nke mpaghara ahụ na ngwaahịa nri bụ isi. Na poteto ndị dị na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod so n'ime ihe ọkụkụ kachasị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ma na-eji ya maka nri na nri nri, ma bụrụkwa ihe eji eme ihe maka ụlọ ọrụ nhazi.
Na-akwado nduku na-eto eto na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod
Site na 2016, a na-eme atụmatụ ịnye ndị na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ ugbo aka iji nye nkwado na-enweghị njikọ na mmepe nke poteto mkpụrụ na akwụkwọ nri na-emeghe. A ga-enye nkwado maka hectare 1 nke mpaghara a kụrụ nke mkpụrụ nduku na akwụkwọ nri ala mepere emepe bi. A na-achịkwa inye nkwado nke steeti a site na Iwu nke Gọọmenti nke Nizhny Novgorod Region No. 12.06.2016 nke ụbọchị June 451, 2016. Na 5,9, 1,9 nde rubles site na mmefu ego gọọmenti etiti na XNUMX nde rubles site na mmefu ego mpaghara.
Agro-ụlọ ọrụ mgbagwoju ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nduku na-eto eto nwere ikike ịnata enyemaka iji kwụọ ụgwọ akụkụ nke ọmụrụ nwa na obere oge na mgbazinye ego mgbazinye ego na-adọta maka nzube nke mmepe mmepụta nduku dị ka Iwu nke Gọọmenti nke Russian Federation dere na December. 28.12.2012, 1460 No. 25.03.2013 na Iwu nke Gọọmenti nke Nizhny Novgorod Region nke March 173, 02.11.2012 Nke 781, ụbọchị XNUMX Nke XNUMX.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Federal Target Programme "mmepe nke mweghachi nke ala ugbo na Russia maka 2014 - 2020" na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod. N'ime usoro nke mmemme a, a na-enye nkwado maka owuwu, nwughari na ngwa ọrụ teknụzụ nke ogbugba mmiri n'ubi na usoro drainage maka ojiji n'ozuzu na onye ọ bụla, gụnyere maka ịkụ poteto.
A na-akwụ ndị nnata ego enyemaka ego na-erughị 50% nke ego a na-akwụ ụgwọ n'ezie ma kwụọ ụgwọ, ma ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 50% nke ego a na-eme atụmatụ maka ihe owuwu (nrụgharị, ngwa ọrụ nkà na ụzụ) nke usoro nhazi. Na 2016, 2016 nde rubles kwadoro maka mpaghara a na iwu "Na mmefu ego mpaghara maka 60", gụnyere 54 nde rubles site na mmefu ego gọọmenti etiti na 6 nde rubles site na mmefu ego mpaghara.
Mmezu nke afọ 2015
Dị ka Territorial Body nke Federal State Statistics Service maka Nizhny Novgorod Region, na 2015, ebe n'okpuru nduku na ugbo nke niile edemede ruru 52,3 puku hectare (104% nke 2014 larịị), 950,6 puku ton (114%). a na-emepụta na nkezi mkpụrụ 183 c/ha.
Ọkwa nke inwe afọ ojuju na nduku na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod na 2015 bụ 122,2%. Taa, mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod na-egbo mkpa ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ma na-eresị ihe ubi nke ọma na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke Russian Federation.
Mmepụta mkpụrụ nduku
Ihe dị ka ugbo 240 (ụlọ ọrụ ugbo 77 na ihe dị ka ugbo 160) na-arụ ọrụ n'ịmepụta poteto azụmahịa na mpaghara ahụ.
Iji hụ na ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe dị elu na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod, usoro sayensị na mmepụta Elite na-arụ ọrụ. N'afọ 2015, ọ gụnyere ugbo mkpụrụ osisi 35, nke ugbo iri na atọ n'ime ha bụ ọkachamara n'ịmepụta mkpụrụ osisi nduku. Mmeputakwa a rụrụ na 13 iche. A na-emepụta ihe dị ka puku tọn 22 nke mkpụrụ nduku nke mmeputakwa dị elu kwa afọ, nke a na-ere ihe dị ka puku tọn 5 na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke Russia.
Ke adianade do, na ndabere nke LLC Elitkhoz (obodo Bor) na LLC Agrofirma Metallurg (alaka Novodmitrievskoye, obodo Vyksa) e nwere abụọ laboratories maka mmepụta nke nje-free nduku osisi. Arụ ọrụ nke isi nduku mmepụta laboratories na-enye ohere maka kwa afọ mmepụta nke banyere 220 puku iberibe Obere-tubers, nke, tinyere kwa afọ clonal nhọrọ na propagation nurseries iji culling site ELISA (enzyme-jikọrọ immunosorbent assay), na-ekwe nkwa kwa afọ mmepụta nke banyere. 3-3,5 puku tọn mma elite poteto. Mpịakọta ndị a zuru ezu na-ekpuchi mkpa nke ugbo na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod maka mkpụrụ osisi (M- III mmeputakwa), na-esote mgbanwe dị iche iche ma ọ bụ mgbanwe dị iche iche.
Akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ
Ọganihu nke ubi nduku na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ọ bụghị nanị na mmepe nke teknụzụ na-eto eto nke oge a, kamakwa na mmepe na nkwalite nke usoro nchekwa. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ ugbo ndị na-eduga na mpaghara ahụ etinyela ego n'ịrụ ụlọ nchekwa nduku ọhụrụ na usoro nlekọta ihu igwe na nhazi, ma zụta ngwá ọrụ maka nhazi, ịchekwa, ịsacha, peeling na nkwakọ poteto.
Ihe atụ gụnyere Latkin LLC nke mpaghara Arzamas, na ndabere nke e nwere ebe nchekwa oge a maka 20 puku tọn poteto, Agrotrade Company LLC, STEK LLC nke Bogorodsky district (ebe nchekwa 25 puku tọn), Axentis LLC nke Gorodetsky. district (ikike nchekwa maka 20 puku tọn na laabu). AFG National Nizhny Novgorod LLC na-arụ ụlọ nchekwa ọhụrụ nke nwere ikike nke tọn 16 na mpaghara Lukoyanovsky.
N'ozuzu, na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod, e nwere ebe nchekwa nduku nwere ikike zuru ezu nke 568 puku tọn. Enwere ebe nchekwa nduku wuru na 60s nke narị afọ gara aga nke chọrọ nnukwu nwughari.
Ugbo di elu
Ma nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na ugbo ndị ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ahụ. Ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka mmegharị ha na-aga n'ihu bụ mgbanwe na mmepụta mmepụta ihe, na-eji ikike sayensị na nkà na ụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na omume kachasị mma nke ụlọ ọrụ kachasị mma na mpaghara a.
LLC "Latkin" (Arzamas district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 1400, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ puku tọn 50,4 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 360 c / ha. Ugbo ahụ ewebata teknụzụ mmepụta nduku Dutch. A zụrụ nrụnye mmiri ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na mpaghara hectare 400, nke na-enye ohere ịbawanye mkpụrụ nduku site na 50%. A na-eji igwe na akụrụngwa ọgbara ọhụrụ eme ihe, gụnyere ndị na-ewe ihe ubi nduku na-arụ ọrụ onwe ha. N'afọ 2010, ebe nchekwa nduku nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche nwere microclimate a na-achịkwa nke nwere ikike nke tọn 20 na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ebe nchekwa nduku nwere ogbako maka ịsacha, peeling na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-emepụta na nkwakọ ihe efu. N'afọ 000, a zụrụ ngwá ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya ma tinye ya n'ọrụ, nke gụnyere ịsacha, polishing, na nkwakọ poteto n'ime obere ngwugwu (2014-2 kilogram) nke nwere ike ruru tọn 3 kwa elekere. Ugbo a nwere ebe nchekwa nduku 40 nwere ikike nchekwa nke puku tọn 13, gụnyere puku tọn 45,4 nke nchekwa akpa na puku tọn 4,5 nwere akụrụngwa refrigeration.
Aksentis LLC (Gorodetsky district)
Na 2015, a kụrụ hectare 500 poteto n'ugbo. 21,9 puku tọn nduku ka emepụtara na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 438 c/ha. Ewubela ihe ndị a ma na-arụ ọrụ: mgbagwoju anya nke ebe nchekwa nduku azụmahịa nwere ikike nchekwa ihe karịrị puku tọn 15, yana ụzọ teknụzụ (maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa nduku azụmahịa) nke nwere mpaghara 3 puku sq.m. ; ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ihe nchekwa ụdị akpa maka mkpụrụ osisi nduku mbụ na nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị 4,5 puku tọn; laabu ụlọ maka propagation nke nduku Obere-tubers.
TNV "Mir" Yashchenko A.V. na ụlọ ọrụ" (Gorodetsky district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 470, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ puku tọn 19,2 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 409,3 c / ha. Enwere ebe nchekwa nduku asaa nwere ikike nke puku tọn 7,2.
LLC "PC "Nizhny Novgorod nduku System" (Shatkovsky district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 300, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ puku tọn 14,8 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 494,4 c / ha. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nchekwa zuru ezu bụ puku tọn 13.
LLC "Zhniva" (Arzamas district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 290, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ puku tọn 14,5 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 500 c / ha. Enwere ebe nchekwa nduku ise nwere ngụkọta ikike nke puku tọn 14,5, gụnyere puku tọn 3,1 nke nchekwa akpa na puku tọn 3 nwere akụrụngwa refrigeration.
Agrofirma Iskra LLC (Bogorodsky district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 450, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ puku tọn 11,9 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 264 c / ha. Enwere ebe nchekwa nduku ise nwere ikike nke puku tọn 14. Ebe nchekwa nchekwa nwere ikike nke 2,5 puku tọn nwere friji. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eto eto na-eto eto maka poteto Red Scarlett.
Ụlọ ọrụ FH Yalina A.P. (Arzamas district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 150, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ 7,2 puku tọn na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 480 c / ha. Enwere ebe nchekwa nduku abụọ nwere ngụkọta ikike nchekwa nke puku tọn 7, gụnyere tọn 500 nke nchekwa akpa na tọn 500 nwere akụrụngwa refrigeration.
mkpokọta ugbo "Red Lighthouse" (Gorodetsky district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 160, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ 6,4 puku tọn na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 400 c / ha. Enwere ebe nchekwa nduku ise nwere ikike nke puku tọn 4,5. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eto eto maka nduku na ọka.
Ụlọ ọrụ Labzin S.A. (Arzamas district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 100, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ puku tọn 4,5 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 450 c / ha. Ugbo ahụ nwere ebe nchekwa nduku anọ nwere ngụkọta ikike nchekwa nke puku tọn 7, gụnyere otu puku tọn nke nchekwa akpa na otu puku tọn nwere akụrụngwa refrigeration.
Ndị ọrụ ugbo Vizgunov K.V. (Spassky district)
Mpaghara poteto a kụrụ na 2015 bụ hectare 80, oke owuwe ihe ubi bụ puku tọn 3,6 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 450 c / ha. Ngụkọta ikike nchekwa bụ 10 puku tọn.
Mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme ka o kwe omume idozi ọ bụghị naanị okwu banyere nchekwa nri na poteto dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi, kamakwa okwu mmepe nke ime obodo. Nke a bụ imepụta ọrụ, ụgwọ ọrụ dị elu, nkwalite mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, iwu nke ọnụahịa maka ngwaahịa nri bụ isi.
Atụmatụ na atụmanya maka 2016
N'afọ 2016, usoro ihe omume "mmepe nke mweghachi nke ala ubi na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod maka 2016-2020" malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mpaghara Nizhny Novgorod. Dịka akụkụ nke mmemme a, n'afọ a, a na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye ebe dị n'okpuru poteto na akwụkwọ nri n'ihi ala ndị a na-agba mmiri na hectare 3116 ma nweta ihe karịrị tọn 41 puku tọn poteto na akwụkwọ nri n'okpuru mmiri.
Dị ka a maara, mkpụrụ nke ngwaahịa sitere na ala ubi a na-agba mmiri na-arị elu ugboro 2,5 karịa site na mpaghara ndị yiri ya na-enweghị ogbugba mmiri n'ubi, na nrụpụta ọrụ na arụmọrụ nke iji eke na ihe onwunwe na nkà na ụzụ, gụnyere fatịlaịza, na-abawanye ugboro abụọ ruo ugboro atọ. Mkpụrụ nduku na-abawanye site na 1,5-2 ugboro wee rute 450-600 centners kwa hectare, akwụkwọ nri - ugboro atọ wee rute 300 senti kwa hectare. N'ihi ya, iwebata nke ogbugba mmiri n'ubi na-eduga n'ịbelata ọnụahịa nke ngwaahịa maka ndị ahịa njedebe.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya dị ukwuu na mpaghara ahụ iji dozie nsogbu nke imeziwanye na iwu ụlọ nchekwa nduku na akwukwo nri nke na-emezu ihe ndị dị mkpa nke oge a. Nke a na-akwado nke a site na mmemme gọọmenti etiti maka imeziwanye na iwughachi ihe nchekwa nduku na akwukwo nri, ogige griin haus na nkwado ego site na mmefu ego mpaghara. N'afọ a, a na-eme atụmatụ ịnye ihe dị ka nde 10,0 rubles site na mmefu ego mpaghara maka ihe omume ndị a.
Ihe akwadoro Ministry of Agriculture nke Nizhny Novgorod Region