Nduku na-eto eto na mpaghara Sverdlovsk
Oge ikpeazụ, ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nke mpaghara Sverdlovsk toro nduku na mpaghara 13,9 puku hectare. E mepụtara nkezi mkpụrụ na 180,4 c / ha. Olu nke nnukwu owuwe ihe ubi na njedebe nke afọ ruru 250,7 puku tọn.
Ala: 194 sq. km, ogologo site na ugwu gaa na ndịda 307 km, site ọdịda anyanwụ ruo ọwụwa anyanwụ - 660 km.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ: 4 325 256 mmadụ, nke 84,78% bụ ndị bi n'obodo ukwu. Ọnọdụ ala ala: nke dị na mkpọda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ural Ural ma dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ West Siberia. Na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, mpaghara ahụ gbatịrị ruo na ọdịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke etiti Ural.
Ihu igwe: kọntinent, mana n'ihi ogologo nke mpaghara n'akụkụ meridian nke ihe karịrị 600 km na enyemaka dị iche iche, a na-ahụ ọkwa dị iche iche nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe na mpaghara ahụ.
Na ndagwurugwu ahụ, a na-edozi ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị na -20 Celsius С n’ebe ugwu na -16 ° С na ndịda. Ogologo okpomọkụ na July dị iche site na 16 Celsius С n'ebe ugwu ruo 19 Celsius С n'ebe ndịda. Ka ị na-apụ na ugwu ahụ ma na-aga n'ebe ndịda, nchikota nke okpomọkụ dị mma na-abawanye na ọnụọgụ mmiri nke afọ na-ebelata. Isi ala nke ala dị larịị dị na mpaghara nwere ọnọdụ, na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara ahụ abanyelarịrị na mpaghara ọnọdụ nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe kachasị mma maka ọrụ ugbo. Ihu igwe nke eriri ugwu dị obere na kọntinent, nke nwere okpomọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ na iru mmiri karịa na mbara ala. Ogologo udu mmiri kwa afọ bụ 350-400 mm na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na 500 mm na ugwu, na mpaghara ugwu nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ọ karịrị 500-600 mm. N'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe ndị a, oge mgbatị na-eto eto na mpaghara Sverdlovsk bụ ihe dịka ụbọchị 130.
Enyemaka: mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara ahụ dị na Central na Ural Ural, akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ dịkwa n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke West Siberian Lowland. Mpaghara nke Ural nke Ugwu di ka ala di elu - na odida anyanwu, elu nke ugwu di elu sitere na 300 rue 500 mita, na nwuwa anyanwu, mpaghara a nwere ihe enyemaka di egwu site na ngbali di elu site na 200 rue 300. Ebe kachasị elu na mpaghara ahụ bụ Konzhakovsky Kamen elu (1539 m elu).
Ala: Achọpụtala ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ 35 na ala nke mpaghara ahụ - site na ugwu-tundra na ala podzolic dị na mgbago ugwu nke mpaghara ahụ ruo chernozems na chernozem-ala ahịhịa dị na ndịda. Podzolic na soddy-podzolic na-emeri (33,2% nke mkpokọta ala), ala isi awọ na-agbasa na 20% nke ókèala. Grey na ala awọ na-acha 13,1%. A na-ahụ Chernozems na obere traktị na ndịda na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara ahụ. N'akụkụ ugwu, ugwu-taiga na ala ugwu-tundra zuru ebe niile.
Ala oru ubi: 4082,6 ha (21,0%) ..
Nduku bụ ihe ọkụkụ dị ukwuu maka Middle Urals. Mpaghara Sverdlovsk enweela ọtụtụ afọ ka ọ kwụsie ike n'ọkwá iri kachasị elu na mpaghara Russia na Russia.
Agbanyeghị, dị ka nsonaazụ mbụ nke Nchịkọta Ọrụ Ugbo nke Ọrụ Ugbo nke 2016 nke Sverdlovskstat bipụtara, ebe ọ bụ na 2006, mpaghara nke ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi na mpaghara belatara site na 50,3 ruo 48,9 puku ha. Ọnụọgụ ndị ahụ belatara nke ukwuu n'ihi mbelata ala na atụmatụ enyemaka nke ụmụ amaala.
Mana na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo n'oge a, ego a na-ekenye maka poteto, na ntụle, mụbara. Ngosipụta ihe ọkụkụ abawanyela nke ukwuu: na ugbo na-eji teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a bụ taa atụnyere ihe ndị Europe mere.
Agbanyeghị na afọ ụfọdụ, mmasị ọdịbendị dị n'etiti ndị na-emepụta ihe ubi ka na-agbada. Yabụ, na 2016, na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke mpaghara, mbelata mkpụrụ akụ na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ (ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2015) site n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu puku hectare. Ọtụtụ ugbo (ọkachasị obere na nke ọkara) jụrụ iji ihe ọkụkụ arụ ọrụ, ebe ọnụahịa nduku nọgidere na-adị ala maka ọtụtụ oge.
N'afọ gara aga, na ala ngwa ahịa nke mpaghara Sverdlovsk, a na-akụ nduku na mpaghara 13,9 puku ha. Egozitara mkpụrụ dị na 180,4 c / ha. Dabere na nsonaazụ nke afọ a, nnukwu mkpụrụ ego ruru 250,7 puku tọn.
Nhọrọ na usoro
Otu onyinye dị ukwuu maka mmepe nke ịhọpụta na ịmị mkpụrụ nduku na mpaghara na mba niile ka thelọ Ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi Ego Ugbo nke Federal Steeti Sayensị Ugwu. N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, achịkọtala nnukwu ahụmịhe na ịkụ ụdị ụdị poteto ọhụrụ. A na-etinye ọtụtụ ụdị na State Register of Breeding Achievements nke Russian Federation, gụnyere ndị ama ama ọ bụghị naanị Ural nduku ndị na-akụ Mayak, Otrada, Amur, Bravo, Gornyak, Lux, Start, wdg.
FSBI Ural Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture bụ otu n’ime ndị mbụ nọ na Russia iji duzie asambodo mkpụrụ ndụ ya na ụdị ndị kacha nwee nkwarụ: n’ụzọ dị otu a, nhọpụta na nha dị ka akparamagwa bara uru bara uru na-aba ụba karịa. Na saịtị nyocha kwa afọ na-anwale ihe karịrị 20 puku genotypes.
Kemgbe afọ 2013, Ural Research Institute of Agriculture, yana AIC AO Belorechensky, na-arụ ọrụ na mmejuputa mmemme nke njikọ Ural Potato Seed Breeding Center. Enweela ihe karịrị 100 nde rubles na oru ngo ahụ, nke nde 23 bụ ego nkwado steeti.
Ọrụ nke Blọ Ọrụ Mkpụrụ Mkpụrụ bụ ime ihe omume na-eto mkpụrụ: na-arụ ọrụ na 15-20 iche nke poteto, nke ọ dịkarịa ala 60% bụ ụdị nke nhọrọ nke aka ya na nhọrọ nke Ural Research Institute, 40% ọzọ - iche nke ozuzu Russia na mba ọzọ.
N'oge a, emechala ọkwa mbụ nke ọrụ a: ụlọ ọrụ nyocha dị elu maka ịgbasa microclonal na nduku (Ural Potato bụ otu n'ime ebe akụrụngwa kachasị ọhụrụ maka akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ), e wuola ụlọ akwụkwọ Green isii maka ndị na-eto eto.
A na-atụ anya na na 2018 a ga-emepụta puku mkpụrụ 70 na ebe a na-akụ mkpụrụ. enwetara osisi na vitro na mpempe 560 puku. minitubers, na 2019 - 200 nke mkpụrụ nke "ọgbọ mbụ ọgbọ", na 2020 - tọn 1400 nke mkpụrụ nke "super elite". Site kwa na 2021, emeputara ibido imeputa iri puku tan nke nkpuru "ndi" inye ndi na-emeputa ugbo na mpaghara na mpaghara ndi ozo nke Russia. Ọzọkwa, poteto a na-ere ahịa ga-etolite na ugbo (mmeputakwa mbụ).
NWAANYI POTATO SELECTION FGBNU "URAL NIISH"
NỌ. Ọkara n'oge, na-ekwenye ekwenti ruo 62 t / ha; stachi 14-19%; palatability 4,3-4,8 isi; digestibility na-adighi nma (ụdị B).
Eguzogide ọrịa kansa na ọlaedo na-akpụ mkpụrụ osisi nematode (RO1). Ike ọgwụgwụ nke mbubreyo ikuku na skaab.
Igbo bụ ogologo, kwụ ọtọ; okooko osisi hiri nne, ogologo. Na inflorescence na-agbasa, ọtụtụ-flowered. Na whisk dị ọcha. Agụmakwụkwọ Berry dị ụkọ na nke abụọ.
Mkpụrụ isu ahụ gbara agba, edo edo; anya dị ntakịrị; bee meshọnu; anụ ahụ bụ ọkụ edo edo.
Ọ na-eji a mgbe niile elu tuber mkpụrụ na ala nitrate ọdịnaya ha, na iguzogide unwu.
AMUR. Ọkara n'oge, na-ekwenye aka ruo 48 t / ha; stachi 12-14%; palatability 4,0-4,4 isi; digestibility (ụdị B).
Na-eguzogide ọrịa kansa. Akpachapụ anya emetụta site mbubreyo blight na n'elu. Ike na-emetụta skaab nkịtị.
Igbo bu igbo ogologo; okooko na-ajụ ase, dị mkpụmkpụ. Na inflorescence na-agbasa. Corolla light purple. Agụmakwụkwọ Berry adịghị ụkọ.
Mkpụrụ osisi ndị ahụ bụ oval, acha ọbara ọbara; ukwu ala ukwu, ukwu anya; ẹphe adụ ire; anụ ahụ dị edo edo edo, anaghị agba ọchịchịrị n'oge isi nri.
A na - amata ya site na igba ahihia na nchikota ihe ọkụkụ n’ime ọkara nke mbụ nke oge na - eto, nnukwu ire ahịa na ọdịdị mara mma.
Bravo. Ọkara n'oge, na-ekwuputa ihe dị ka 57 t / ha; stachi 12-14%; palatability 4,0-4,2 isi; digestibility na-adighi nma (ụdị B).
Na-eguzogide ọrịa cancer na ọlaedo na-akpụkwa nduku nematode (RO1). Akpachapụ anya emetụta site mbubreyo blight na n'elu. Ike na-emetụta skaab nkịtị.
Igbo bu igbo ogologo; okooko na-ajụ ase, dị mkpụmkpụ. Na inflorescence bụ kọmpat. Corolla light purple. Ọkpụkpọ Berry bụ obere.
Mkpụrụ osisi ndị ahụ dị gburugburu, ọbara ọbara; anya dị ntakịrị; ẹphe adụ ire; anụ ahụ dị edo edo edo, anaghị agba ọchịchịrị n'oge isi nri.
Ihe di iche iche bu udiri ihe di egwu, nke otutu ihe eji eme ka ha puta ihe, we buru agha.
LUX. Na mbido, kwe ka 49 t / ha; starchiness 13%; palatability 17,0-4,2 isi; digestibility na-adighi nma (ụdị B).
Na-eguzogide ọrịa cancer na ọlaedo na-akpụkwa nduku nematode (RO1). Ọkọlọtọ na-eguzogide mbubreyo blight. Ike na-emetụta skaab nkịtị.
Ohia dị ala, na-agbasa; okooko osisi adịghị ike, obere oge. Na inflorescence bụ kọmpat. Corolla light purple. Ọkpụkpọ Berry bụ obere.
Mkpụrụ osisi ndị ahụ bụ ovalated oval, ọbara ọbara; ukwu ala ukwu, ukwu anya; ẹphe adụ ire; anụ ahụ dị edo edo edo, anaghị agba ọchịchịrị n'oge isi nri.
Ọ dị iche na mbido ngwa ngwa, mejuputa ahihia; mara mma. Na iweghachi iwebata nnukwu ọgwụ nri.
Bido. Na mbido, arụpụta ihe ruru 50 t / ha; stachi isi 13-17,7%; palatability 3,9-4,6 isi; digestibility (ụdị B).
Na-eguzogide ọrịa cancer na ọlaedo na-akpụkwa nduku nematode (RO1). Ike ọgwụgwụ nke mbubreyo blight na epupụta. Ọkara na-eguzogide skaab nkịtị. Nnukwu nguzogide megide nje virus Y, X, S, M, L.
Igbo bu igbo ogologo; okooko osisi na-aba ụba, nwere ọtụtụ ahịhịa. Corolla red-violet. Mmepụta Berry bụ nkezi.
Mkpụrụ osisi ndị ahụ dị gburugburu, ọbara ọbara; anya dị ntakịrị, acha ọbara ọbara; ẹphe adụ ire; anụ ahụ bụ ọkụ edo edo.
A na-amata ya site na mbido ngwa ahia buru ibu, nnukwu ahihia; ọdịnaya dị elu nke vitamin C (26 mg /%).
INFRASTRUCTURE
A na-elebara nzukọ a na - echekwa akwụkwọ nri na poteto dị na mpaghara anya: ụlọ a na - ere ahịa nke oge a na - eme ka ndị na - akọ ugbo wee nye ndị bi na ya ngwaahịa ruo mgbe oge ọzọ.
N’afọ 2014, ógbè ahụ wepụtara mmemme nke mpaghara iji wuo ụlọ ahịa nri. N'ime afọ abụọ nke ọrụ mmemme ahụ na mpaghara, ndị friji maka ịchekwa akwụkwọ nri Ural na olu nke puku tọn 27.
Taa, nnweta nke ụlọ ahịa ihe oriri na mpaghara Sverdlovsk ruru 84%.
Usoro ỌR TR
Ọzụzụ nke pesonel maka nduku na-eto eto ụlọ ọrụ na Sverdlovsk mpaghara a rụrụ na otu nke kasị ibu mahadum na mpaghara - na Ural State Agrarian University (Ural State Agrarian University). Ruo afọ 78 nke ịrụ ọrụ, Ural State Agrarian University azụọla ihe karịrị iri atọ na puku ndị ọkachamara maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ alaka niile nke agro-ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Taa, ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 7 na-amụ na mahadum ahụ, a na-etinye mmemme na mpaghara 32 nke nkwadebe agụmakwụkwọ dị elu, yana mpaghara 9 nke agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.
A na-eme mkpokọta ndị ọrụ afọ mbụ na ebe mmefu ego 947 (na 2018, iwere n'ọrụ maka ọrụ pụrụ iche dị ka injin, ọrụ ugbo, ịkọ anụ, njikwa ala na cadastres, wdg). Na mgbakwunye, afọ a òkè nke ndị na-ejide anya maka ọdịiche ọrụ ugbo mụbara (site na 30% ruo 50%). N'ihi ya, Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo nke mpaghara ahụ na-eme atụmatụ 'ịzụlite' ndị ọkachamara kachasị ụkọ n'ime ime obodo wee mee ka ndị ọrụ na - arụ ọrụ ugbo aka ike nke ukwuu.
N'August 22-23, na Sverdlovsk mpaghara (obodo Kochnevskoye, Beloyarsky district), na ndabere nke ụlọ ọrụ Belorechensky, a ga-enwe ụbọchị Ugbo Nduku, nke, dịka ndị na-ahazi ndị na-ahazi, ga-abụ ezumike maka ndị niile na-akụ mkpụrụ akụ na mba ahụ.
A kwadebere ihe ọmụmụ ahụ site na iji usoro mgbasa ozi na isi mmalite.