Poteto - ihe ị na-akụ bụ ihe ị na-ewe. Kedu ihe ị ga-aṅa ntị mgbe ị na-eto achịcha nke abụọ iji nweta nnukwu mkpụrụ
N'afọ 2018, a kụrụ ụdị nduku iri abụọ na asatọ na mpaghara Vladimir, n'ime ndị kasị ibu bụ ụdị dị ka: Lady Claire (28 tọn), Brook (ton 1890,5), Udacha (1547 tọn), Newton (1000 tọn), Hamis ( tọn 425), Saturn (tọn 373), Rosara (tọn 275).
Ọkachamara sitere na mpaghara na mpaghara etiti nke ngalaba nke Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" na mpaghara Vladimir nwalere 8107,4 tọn nke mkpụrụ osisi nduku, nke 6128,4 tọn (76%) bụ ọkọlọtọ. Maka ntụnyere, otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga nwetara tọn 7135,3 nke ihe mkpụrụ nduku a nwalere, nke naanị 63% tụgharịrị bụrụ nke a na-anabata.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu nke mkpụrụ osisi dị na Melenkovsky (2872 tọn), Gus-Khrustalny (1485 tọn), Murom (1300 tọn). N'ozuzu, a na-enye mpaghara ahụ poteto mkpụrụ site na 78% ma nke a bụ ihe kachasị nke mmepụta 1-2 (RS1-RS2 4648 tọn).
Ọkachamara nke Rosselkhozcenter na-ekpebi àgwà nduku site na iji tuber analysis, nke gụnyere inyocha tubers maka ọnụnọ nke malitere ịrịa na nje ọrịa, nakwa dị ka nke a kpọmkwem iche iche.
Foto a na-egosi nyocha tuber nke poteto dị iche iche nke Lady Claire nwere mmebi pesti ...
... na nduku mebiri site na ire ere.
N'uhuruchi nke oge okpomọkụ ọhụrụ, ndị ọkachamara si Vladimir Russian Agricultural Center na-echetara gị mkpa ọ dị maka mgbanwe dị iche iche na imeghari ihe dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ osisi.
A chọrọ mgbanwe dị iche iche ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị afọ ojuju na àgwà nke ụdị dị iche iche ejiri. Dị ka ihe atụ, nke a nwere ike ịbụ susceptibility ka ọrịa, ala mkpụrụ na uto e ji mara, wdg Ma ọ bụrụ na dịgasị iche iche bụ kpamkpam na-eju afọ, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-mgbe oge emelitere iji zere ọjọọ ịrịba ama na-ebilite na imubanye n'oge mmeputakwa. Ya mere, ọ bụ n'afọ mbụ nke ịkọ ihe dị iche iche nwere ikike mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kachasị.
Otú ọ dị, nsogbu nke obere mkpụrụ nwere ike ibili ọbụna na nhọrọ ziri ezi nke ụdị dịgasị iche iche na mmeputakwa. N'okwu a, ọ dị mkpa ịlele ala maka ọnụnọ cysts nke nematode poteto edo edo (lat.Globodera rostochiensis).
Na mpaghara Vladimir, achọtara nematode nduku ọla edo na mpaghara 12 (Aleksandrovsky, Gus-Khrustalny, Kameshkovsky, Kirzhachsky, Kolchuginsky, Kovrovsky, Melenkovsky, Muromsky, Petushinsky, Sobinsky, Sudogodsky, Suzdalsky, Vladimir). Site na mkpebi nke Gọvanọ nke mpaghara Vladimir, amanyela iche iche na mpaghara ndị a.
Poteto globoderosis bụ otu n'ime ọrịa siri ike nke ihe ọkụkụ a bara uru. N'èzí, ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa na-egosipụta onwe ha na a slowdown na osisi ibu ugbua na mmalite nkebi nke ontogenesis, yellowing nke n'elu na ihicha nke ala na wilting nke elu epupụta, na ekwe nke ị ga. Mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi ndị butere ọrịa na-acha aja aja, dị mkpụmkpụ karịa nke nkịtị, ma nwee ọtụtụ mgbọrọgwụ mpụta. Ya mere, osisi ahụ na-ata ahụhụ site na ụkọ mmiri na nri.
Mgbe ị na-enyocha ubi, foci of globoderosis na-adịkarị n'ụdị otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ntụpọ nwere osisi na-acha odo odo na-emegbu emegbu. Site na ịgha mkpụrụ nke ụdị nduku nwere ike ime kwa afọ, afọ 5-6 na-agafe site na mmalite nke ọrịa ruo n'oge nchọpụta anya nke ntiwapụ ahụ.
Ka ọkwa nke ọrịa na-abawanye, mkpụrụ nduku na-ebelata na àgwà ya na-akawanye njọ (ọnụ ọgụgụ na ibu nke tubers na-ebelata). Pasent starch na ego nke vitamin C na tubers na-budata belata. Mbelata mkpụrụ sitere na nduku globoderosis bụ nkezi 10%, na mpaghara mmebi nke ihe ọkụkụ nduku sitere na nematodes - site na 30 ruo 60% ma ọ bụ karịa. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, mwakpo nematode nke poteto na-akawanye njọ site n'omume nke microorganisms pathogenic - nje bacteria, nje na fungi.
Ọgụ a na-alụso nematode nduku siri ike n'ihi nnukwu mgbanwe nke nje na ọnọdụ ndụ, ya bụ: ọpụrụiche dị warara nke globodera (ezinụlọ nightshade), ogologo oge (afọ 10-15) na-echekwa viability nke cysts na ọnọdụ ndụ. enweghị osisi nnabata.
Ntughari ihe ubi bụ ụzọ dị irè isi chịkwaa nematode nduku. A na-akụ poteto n'elu ala emetọghị ihe karịrị mgbe afọ 4-5 gachara. Ọ ka mma ịkwanye poteto na ihe ọkụkụ nke ụdị nematode a na-adịghị emetụta (kabeeji, klova, herbs perennial, dil, letus, peas, agwa, wdg).
Ịzụlite ụdị mbụ dị irè. N'okwu a, mfu ihe ọkụkụ na-ebelata, ebe ọ bụ na n'oge owuwe ihe ubi n'oge, nje ahụ enweghị oge iji mezue usoro ndụ ya wee mụọ ụmụ. Ịzụlite ụdị nduku na-eguzogide nematode nwere ike ibelata nsị nematode site na 85-90%. (Parasitic nematodes nke osisi na ụmụ ahụhụ/Ed. MD Sonin - M.: Sayensị. 2004.)
Ugbu a, e nwere ihe dị ka 257 ụdị na-eguzogide nematode, zoned na Central mpaghara (nke gụnyere mpaghara Vladimir) iche (State ndekọ nke rụzuru ozuzu nke akwadoro maka ojiji). https://reestr.gossort.com/).
N'ime ha, ụdị kachasị ewu ewu bụ: Azhur, Barin, Breeze, Vektar Belorussky, Vzryvnoy, Vineta, Gala, Impala, Labella, Latona, Lady Claire, Manifesto, Meteor, Ragneda, Red Scarlett, Saturna, Scarb, Udacha, Uladar, wdg.
(Onye edemede: Irina Potapova - onye na-eduga agronomist nke ngalaba mmepụta mkpụrụ, ọkachamara mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke alaka nke Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" na mpaghara Vladimir).