N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ubi, ala dị n'ugbo Mark Chitley dị na North Dakota na-eweta otu nsogbu: Salinity na-ebute mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na-eme ka ala dị elu sie ike ruo ogologo oge, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emegharị mmiri, na-egbochi ntinye mgbọrọgwụ, na n'ikpeazụ belata ihe ọkụkụ. A na-akpọ ihe omume a "Rings of Death".
Dị ka Tom DeSutter, prọfesọ nke sayensị ala na North Dakota State University (NDSU), si kwuo, nnu na-esikarị na nkume nne na nna (nke sitere na ala si na ya pụta) na site na mmiri ala. N'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke steeti ahụ, a na-emepụta nnu site na shale na mmiri na-arị elu site na Dakota Formation aquifer, ebe na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ North Dakota, a na-emepụta ya karịsịa site na sedimentary ihe.
DeSutter na-ekwu, sị: “Mgbe ọ bụla sodium dị n'ime ala na nnu dị n'ozuzu ya dị ntakịrị, ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ime ala na-achụpụ ibe ha. "N'okpuru ọnọdụ okike, n'ime ogologo oge, ụmụ irighiri ụrọ gbasasịrị na-agbadata profaịlụ ala wee mepụta usoro kọlụm nke nwere ike isiri mgbọrọgwụ osisi ike ịbanye. Ya mere ala adịghị arụpụta nke ọma.”
Iji dozie okwu ndị a, Cheatley na NDSU Extension jikọrọ aka iji weghachi ala site na itinye flue gas desulfurization gypsum, ngwaahịa sitere na combustion coal. "Nsogbu a na-akawanye njọ, ana m atụ anya ịhụ ka gypsum gbanwee omume ahụ," ka Chitley na-ekwu.
Gypsum bụ ngwaahịa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na-agba ọkụ na ọdịda anyanwụ North Dakota. Mgbe etinyere ya n'ime ala, usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkal na-eme nke calcium "na-eme dị ka àkwà mmiri dị n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe ala ma na-akwalite nchịkọta kemịkal," Naeem Kalvar, ọkachamara n'ala na NDSU Extension na-akọwa, bụ onye na-enyere Cheatley aka iweghachi ala siri ike. "Nke a na-eduga na nhazi ala ka mma, porosity ala na ntinye mmiri."
Ojiji nke gypsum - yana usoro ọgwụgwọ ala ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe ọkụkụ, nke Chitley ga-anwale maka oge mbụ n'afọ a - bu n'obi ịlụso solonets, mmiri mmiri nnu na ala saline ọgụ, yana imeziwanye ahụike ala dum.
Mgbalị ndị a nwere ike ịzọpụta ndị ọrụ ugbo mpaghara ahụ ọtụtụ nde dollar, Kalvar kwuru, ọkachasị n'ihe ọkụkụ kachasị dị ize ndụ dịka agwa soy, ọka, ọka wit na canola. Ọ ga-ewe ọtụtụ afọ maka Chitley na ndị agbata obi ya ịhụ uru ngwaahịa na ụzọ ha na-ewebata.
N'ugbo Chitley, Kalvar kwadoro itinye gypsum 7 ruo 10 kwa acre. Chitley zụtara ihe mgbasa ozi Chandler maka ojiji na mpaghara saline wee zụta gypsum maka ihe dịka $4 otu ton site na osisi dị na Stanton, North Dakota. Ngwaahịa ahụ nwere "nkwụsịtụ nke ntụ ọka mmiri na-adịghị agbasa nke ọma site na akụrụngwa fatịlaịza a na-emekarị," Chitley kwuru.
Enwere ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji mee ka ala saline dị nro. N'ime ha, ịgha mkpụrụ ahịhịa na-anabata nnu na-adịgide adịgide na mpaghara ebe ihe ọkụkụ kwa afọ na-agaghị eto. Ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ịchekwa n'etiti $82 na $187 kwa acre, Kalvar kwuru. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-akụ ahịhịa ga-akwụrịrị ụgwọ n'ihu maka ahịhịa n'afọ mbụ, ha ga-etolite n'onwe ha n'oge ndị ọzọ.
"Site n'inye ihe mkpuchi ahịhịa dị mma, ahịhịa ndị na-eto eto ga-ebelata ikuku, ebe mgbọrọgwụ na-eto eto ga-enyere aka belata okpokoro mmiri ma belata mmụba nke capillary," Kalvar na-ekwu. “Ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ike igbutu ahihia ma ọ bụ rie ahịhịa ndị a ma nwee ike ịkpata ego, ọ bụghị naanị na-atụfu ego na acres nwere nsogbu. Ọ bụrụ na a na-egbutu ya n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị, ahịhịa ndị a na-eme ka ahịhịa dị mma. "
N'oge a, Chitley anaghị akụ ahịhịa perennial. Ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịlele uru gypsum na-ekpuchi ihe ọkụkụ ma na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka ike nke ala ubi ya dịkwuo mma.