O. V. Abashkin,
Yury A. Masiuk,
O. A. Starovoitova,
Y.P. Boyko,
NK.Zeyruk,
N.N Gordienko,
Z. N. Morzhenkova,
D. Abrosimov,
FSBSI All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of nduku ugbo aha ya bụ AK Lorkha
Ichekwa oge niile
Ladybugs (lat. Coccinellidae) bụ ezinụlọ nke usoro nke Coleoptera nke na-ebi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụwa dum, ma e wezụga Antarctica na mpaghara permafrost. A na-ahụkarị ụmụ ahụhụ na-agagharị agagharị na ndị mmadụ. Ihe dị ka ụdị 100 nke ezinụlọ a bi n'ókèala Russia.
Ogologo ahụhụ otu si na 3 ruo 10 mm. Shapedị ahụ bụ oval ma ọ bụ gburugburu, convex ma ọ bụ hemispherical si n'elu, dị larịị site n'okpuru. Pronotum na elytra nwere nkwekọrịta jikọrọ ọnụ ọnụ. A na-enwekarị agba enwe agba, na-acha ọcha na elytra.
Na mba anyị, e nwere ụdị ehi atọ na-ahihia ahịhịa (ahịhịa), n'etiti ha bụ ọtụtụ ụmụ ahụhụ na-akọ ugbo. Na Far East, 28-point nduku ladybird (Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch) na-ebute oke nsogbu na ihe ọkụkụ nke poteto, kukumba na akwukwo nri ndị ọzọ. Na mpaghara ndịda, alfalfa ladybird (Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata L.) na-emebi alfalfa na shuga biet mgbe ụfọdụ. Na Smolensk, Saratov na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị na etiti Russia na ndịda Russia, nnụnnụ mmiri na-enweghị mmiri (Cynegetis impunctata L.) na-emebi alfalfa, klova na klova ụtọ mgbe ụfọdụ.
Russiandị ụmụ nwanyị Russia ndị ọzọ niile na-eri anụ. Akara na larvae dị oke egwu, ha na-ebibi n'ọtụtụ buru ibu dịka pests ndị dị egwu dịka aphids, ijiji akwukwo, ụmụ ahụhụ na-ebu oke, ụmụ ahụhụ na akọrọ.
Birmụ nwanyị ndị nwanyị na-eyi akwa n'akụkụ akụkụ ndị dị n'akụkụ aphid ma ọ bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị arthropod ndị ọzọ ha na-eri, iche iche ma ọ bụ jidere nsen 10-15 ọ bụla. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ha na-enwe mgbagwoju anya na ịgha akwa nke Colorado nduku ebe, ma àkwá nke ladybirds bụ edo edo, ọ bụghị oroma, na obere obere. Ngwurugwu ahụ nwere afọ anọ. Ọtụtụ ọgbọ na-etolite n'afọ. Ndị okenye na-ehi ụra, na-eji ebe nchekwa dị iche iche, mgbe ụfọdụ na-aga hibernate n'otu ebe na nnukwu ndị mmadụ (nchịkọta), ebe a ga-achịkọta ha n'oge oge diapause, na-edebe ha n'ime akpa ruo mgbe mmiri, ma wepụta ha n'ime ebe ụmụ ahụhụ.
Ladybugs bara ezigbo uru dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ọnụọgụ pests ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na sistemụ nke nchịkwa bioecological. Speciesfọdụ ụdị, dị ka Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. Na Rodolia cardinalis Muls., Na-emegharị nke ọma na laabu ma webata na okike iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ pests.
NKỌWA NKE ỌBECR I KWESNDRND
ANY NA-EBU NWAANY L
(Anatis ocellata L.)
Isi ogologo: 8 ka 9 mm. Elytral agịga ke elu akụkụ na a notch kpuchie na oké ntutu. Scutellum buru ibu, mara nke ọma. Elytra nwere ntụpọ ojii 20 nwere oghere ndị nwere ọkụ. Na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ, ntụpọ ahụ agakọrịtere ọnụ, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ pere mpe. Nkesa: obosara na akụkụ Europe nke Russia, na Crimea, Siberia na Far East. Ọ na-azụ tumadi na aphids.
AKWKWỌ AKW -KWỌ LADYBIRD (Adalia bipunctata L.)
Isi ogologo: 4 ka 5 mm. Pronotum nwere ọkụ, na-acha odo odo, mpaghara mpụta, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-enwe ụkpụrụ nke ntụpọ ojii. Na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ, ebe M nwere akara ngosi dị na pronotum. Patternkpụrụ nke elytra na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ahụ ya dị oji n’okpuru. Kesaa ebe niile, ma e wezụga na Far North.
LADYBIRD ịgbanwe
(Adonia variegata L.)
Isi ogologo: 3-6 mm. Ngwurugwu ndị ahụ nwere ahụ elongated. Azụ dị oji nwere agba odo abụọ. Ndị okenye nwere amba-acha ọbara ọbara elytra nwere akara isii na-agbanwe agbanwe. Mamụ nwanyị dina akwa na-acha odo odo na-acha odo odo na osisi dị iche iche (ịgha akwa). Ntughari na-enye ọgbọ atọ n'afọ. Otu onye na-eri ihe 20 nsen nke Colorado nduku ebe n'ụbọchị, ifịk ifịk erie kabeeji aphids.
LADYBIRD ISE ise
(Coccinella quinquepunctata L.)
Isi ogologo: 3 ka 5 mm. Elytra nwere ebe ojii gbara gburugburu abụọ nke ọ bụla na otu ntụpọ dị nso na scutellum. Nkesa dị obosara na mpaghara Europe nke Russia, Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia na Far East. Ọ na-azụ tumadi na aphids.
LADYBIRD IRI asaa
(Coccinella septempunctata L.)
Mostdị kachasị ama nke ladybugs. Isi ogologo: 5 ka 8 mm. Elytra dị ọcha na scutellum, nwere ntụ ojii isii na otu ntụpọ scutellum. Kesaa ebe niile. Ọ na-eri nri tumadi na aphids, larvae na ndị okenye (ndị okenye) na-eri akwa na larvae nke obere instars nke Colorado nduku ebe.
LADYBIRD NKE IRI NA ATỌ
(Hippodamia tredecimpunctata L.)
Isi ogologo: 4 ka 7 mm. Elytra bụ odo. Oke n'akụkụ nke pronotum nwere oke ọkụ sara mbara yana ntụpọ ojii akpọrọ. Ahụghị ọzara nke Central Asia na Caucasus. Na-ebi osisi n'akụkụ mmiri. Ọ na-azụ tumadi na aphids.
LADYBUG NA-EBU
(Itinye ekwentị gị.)
Isi ogologo: 4 ka 6 mm. Kesaa na Far East. Ọ na-azụ tumadi na aphids. LADYBIRD iri na anọ (Coccinella quatuorddecimpustulata L.)
Isi ogologo: 3 ka 4 mm. Ọchịchị dị mfe. Elytra nwere ntụpọ edo edo 14, ebe dị n'azụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na reniform. Nkesa sara mbara, na mpaghara Europe nke Russia, Caucasus, Siberia na Far East. Ọ na-azụ tumadi na aphids.
LADYBIRD IRI NA AS PR.
(Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata L.)
A umu nke otu aha, ma ndiiche na morphological àgwà. Isi ogologo: 3 ka 5 mm. A na-ekesa site na tundra gaa mpaghara ọhịa-steppe.
Enwere ahịhịa triangular n'akụkụ oke nke mesothorax. Elytra na onu ojii. Ofkpụrụ pronotum na elytra na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọ na-azụ tumadi na aphids, nwere ike iri thrips. Typedị ladybugs a nwere ike mụta nwa nke onwe ya ogologo oge na griin haus. Ndi nke nwunye ka ha dinara akwa na osisi. Development kacha: okpomọkụ + 24 ... + 25оC, iru mmiri iru mmiri 70-85%. Ngwurugwu na-eto eto na 7-8 ụbọchị. Site na nsogbu nke ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi, mmepe nke larvae na-egbu oge. Mamụ nwanyị na-adịkarị na ụbọchị 65 ma na-esite na 270 ruo 360 àkwá n'oge a. Na omume, a na-eji ladybug a eme ihe megide melons na griin haus aphids na ogbo nke entomophage larvae nke mbụ na nke abụọ na ọnụọgụ anụ nke 1: 10. E nwetara nsonaazụ kacha mma site na ọtụtụ ntọhapụ nke larvae na nkeji nke otu izu. Mụ nwanyị na-eri ibe ha nwere ikike ọchụchọ dị elu ma chọta aphids ọbụlagodi na nkesa pere mpe.
CRYPTOLEMUS MONTROZIERA (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant.)
Ogologo ahụ nke ụmụ ahụhụ toro eto: site na 3 ruo 4 mm, larvae nwere ike iru 13 mm, kpuchie ya na waxy wax nke na-eme ka ha dị ka anụ oriri ha - mealybugs. Eke eke nkesa: Eastern Australia.
E webatara ụdị a (webatara ma mee ka ọ dị mma) n'ọtụtụ mba ụwa, gụnyere USSR (RF). Nri a na-erikarị: àkwá, nymphs na okenye coccids, fom na mealybugs na osisi ornamental na akwukwo nri. Otu larva cryptolemus nwere ike iri / mebie site na 4 ruo 7 puku puku àkwá, 200-300 larvae ma ọ bụ ikpuru 40-60 ndị okenye kwa ụbọchị. Na okpomọkụ n'elu + 33оSite na ọrụ nke cryptolemus na-ada ngwa ngwa, na okpomọkụ n'okpuru +9оHa na-efunahụ ọrụ kpamkpam (ọnọdụ kacha mma: + 22 ... + 25оC, iru mmiri iru mmiri 70-80%). Nwanyị na-etinye nsen 1100. Usoro mmepe zuru ezu, dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, na-adịru ụbọchị 25-72. Enwe na-ebi ndụ site na 3 ruo ọnwa 7. Ha na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ụbọchị anwụ na-achasi ike, na griin haus - n'ìhè. Ná nkezi, a tọhapụrụ mmadụ abụọ kwa 1 mita n'ime uche nke pesti nke cryptolemus2 site na etiti izu abụọ, ya na oke nsị nke pesti, ọnụego ntọhapụ na-abawanye site na 5-10 ugboro.
LEIS DIMIDIATA (Leis dimidiata Fabr.)
Isi ogologo: ihe karịrị 10 mm. Eke nkịtị maka nkesa: Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. E webatara ụdị a (webatara ma mee ka ọ dị mma) n'ọtụtụ mba ụwa, gụnyere USSR (RF). Nwanyị na-esi na 30 ruo 40 àkwá kwa ụbọchị, ihe dị ka nsen 2000 na mkpokọta. Development kacha: okpomọkụ + 20 ... + 25оC. Nsonye nwoke na nwanyị: 1: 1. Mgbe ị na-eri nri na piich aphids na ọnọdụ ụlọ nyocha, dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, oge nke mmepe akwa: ụbọchị 3-5, larvae - ụbọchị 14-22, pupae - 5-8 ụbọchị, oge preimaginal - ụbọchị 22-35, ụmụ ahụhụ toro eto na-ebi 4-6 Ọnwa. Akara na larvae na-eri nri n'ọtụtụ ụdị aphids, gụnyere melons na gourds, na akwa nke butterflies (Lepidoptera). A na - ahapụ entomophage larvae nke mbụ na nke abụọ n'ime etiti pests. Na-ede ede megide aphids ke ruru 1:40, na okooko osisi - 1: 200.
CYCLONEDA LIMBIFER
(Ọkpụkpụ Cycloneda, Cassey.)
Isi ogologo: ihe karịrị 10 mm. Eke mpaghara nke nkesa: mpaghara okpomọkụ. E webatara ụdị a n'ọtụtụ mba nke ụwa, gụnyere USSR (RF). Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eri aphids. Maka nchebe ndu megide aphids, ndị na-eri cyclone na-agbasa na griin haus, ebe ha nwere ike mụta onwe ha. Na ose dị ụtọ, Cycloneda na-eri ihe niile aphids na ya. N'oge ndụ ya, otu nwa ahuhu na-eri ihe ruru 270, na okenye ebe - ihe karịrị mmadụ 1300 nke melon ma ọ bụ peach aphid. Akuko mbu nke ikuku cyclone nwere ike iri ibe ya (cannibalism). Maka eggplants, kukumba na ose, a na-ewepụta ndị na-eri cyclone na ọnụọgụ anụ na-eri anụ site na 1: 5 ruo 1:25. Site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke aphids site na 500 ma ọ bụ karịa, ntọhapụ nke cryptolemus larvae kwesịrị ịbawanye ugboro 5-10.
Na 2018, ndị ọrụ nke FGBNU VNII KH ha. A.GLorkha duziri ọmụmụ iji mụọ ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-egbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nduku Colorado, a mere nchọpụta ahụ na saịtị nnwale nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.
Dị nduku dị iche iche ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụọgụ na-aba ụba: Luna, Vector, Pennant, Irbit, Meteor, Nakra, Rocco, Lyubava, Snow White, Skarb, Nikulinsky, Bora, Luck, Aurora, Belar, Kiwi, Nevsky, Zhukovsky n'isi, Krasavchik, Gala , Blueness, Ike, Lorkh.
Ná nkezi, ndị bi na Colorado nduku ebe eruteghị isi anọ, bu, na pesti adịghị ize ndụ dị oké mkpa ọrụ tuberization nduku.
A na-enyocha oke ọnụọgụ ụmụ nwanyị na Colorado nduku na isi kadinal (Isiokwu 2).
Edere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu nke ebe nduku Colorado na ndịda na akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke akuku nduku ahụ, a hụkwara ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ụmụ nnụnụ n'ebe ahụ. Ọ dịkarịa ala, ha niile nọ n'akụkụ etiti nke ọdịda.
Ihe kachasị mma maka ọgbọ 1st bụ nduku Colorado nwere Lyubava, Lorkh, Belar na Snow White. Ladybugs họọrọ Belar, Golubizna, iche iche Kiwi. A hụkwara ọrụ kachasị ukwuu nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụdị Golubizna, Vector, Kiwi, Belar na Rocco.
Dynamic equilibrium predator - prey (SHJ - 1.00) ka a hụrụ na Aurora, Bera, Vympel, Irbit, Meteor, Nakra, Nevsky, RS, Skarb na Udacha.
A hụrụ ọrụ kachasị mma nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụdị - Lorkh, Gala, Snow White, Luna, Lyubava.
Otu n'ime mkpebi ndị e mere dabere na nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ ahụ: iji gbochie ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nduku nduku Colorado kpamkpam, larvae nke ladybirds kwesịrị ịpụta na okike (webatara) na mbubreyo May - mmalite June na ego nke mmadụ 40-50 n'otu ọhịa.
Na 2019, ọnụọgụ ụmụ nnụnụ na mpaghara nduku belatara nke ukwuu, nke kpalitere ntopute nke bekee nduku Colorado na oke oke ọnụ ụzọ akụ na ụba nke ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ, nke chọrọ ọgwụgwọ kemịkal n'ọhịa megide anụ ọhịa ahụ.