Ala: 314,4 puku square km
Ọnụ ọgụgụ: 1 nde 47 puku mmadụ
Ọnọdụ ala: mpaghara ahụ dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Siberia. Ọ dị na Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo mpaghara, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug na Krasnoyarsk Territory. Akụkụ nke Siberia Federal District
Ihu Igwe na-edozi oke. Ogologo ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na July bụ + 18 C, na Jenụwarị -19,2 C.
Enyemaka: ewepụghị, ezigbo apiti. Mpaghara Tomsk bụ akụkụ nke ụwa ihe okike - swampiness nke West Siberia Plain. Onweghi ebe ozo n’uwa n’uwa ebe ugwu mmiri na oke ohia juputara na ebe a. Akụkụ dị ịrịba ama nke ala mpaghara Tomsk bụ oke ọhịa (ihe dịka 51% nke ókèala ahụ), na-abụkarị ụdị mmiri dị iche iche, yana apịtị (ihe dịka 31%), gụnyere peat bogs. Ihe nkwụnye ego peat nwere ihe karịrị 80 cm nwere ihe dịka 24% nke mpaghara mpaghara ahụ. Usoro ọgbụgba na-aga n'ihu na-ekpuchi mpaghara buru ibu nke ala mpaghara ahụ, dị ka atụmatụ ụfọdụ si kwuo, ha na-eto site na hectare 1800 kwa afọ.
Ala: automorphic, ọkara-hydromorphic na hydromorphic. Ji mara hydromorphism mụbara, n'ihi na boggy n'ókèala, na n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara - ike kefriza na ngwa ngwa thawing nke Ona. N'etiti atụmatụ ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara, ọ dị mkpa ịmara: ọnụnọ nke humus horizons nke abụọ na sod-podzolic na isi awọ oke ohia; ọnụnọ nke ortsands na ala nke udiri ọkụ; ala ala okpomọkụ.
Ala ubi ebe a na-akọ ugbo: 1,2 nde hectare, nke ala ubi - 676 puku hectare. Ndokwa nke ala ubi na mpaghara Tomsk bụ otu n'ime ala dị ala na mpaghara West Siberia, kwa isi ala - hekta 0,65. Maka ntụnyere, na mpaghara Altai enwere hekta 2,64 nke ala ubi ara kwa onye bi na ya, na mpaghara Novosibirsk - hekta 1,36, na mpaghara Omsk - hectare 2,0. Onu ogugu nke Siberia Federal District bu 1,15 ha.
SEASON 2018. UMUAKA NA YIELD UGO
Poteto na-esote achịcha na nri mmadụ. Ndị nkịtị nke mpaghara Tomsk, dịka n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ Russia, nwere nsọpụrụ dị ukwuu maka ọdịbendị a.
A na-ahụta mpaghara Tomsk oge niile dị ka otu n'ime ọkọlọtọ maka itolite nduku na Siberia. N'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike, ụba nke ahịhịa mmiri, ahịhịa na pests, ndị na-eto eto nduku Tomsk na ndị na-azụ ihe na-arụpụta nsonaazụ dị elu.
Onu ogugu nduku na mpaghara a bu 190 centents per hectare, mana ndị isi, dịka ọmụmaatụ, osisi ozuzu Zavarzinsky, na-enweta ihe ruru 400 centres kwa hectare, n'ihi iji usoro mmụta sayensị ọgbara ọhụrụ, na-ekwe nkwa ụdị na ịgbasochi teknụzụ. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke afọ 2017, nnukwu owuwe ihe ubi nke nduku na mpaghara ahụ karịrị tọn 33 puku tọn.
Eziokwu. Uru nke mmepụta nduku na 2017 na mpaghara Tomsk karịrị 17,5%.
Dabere na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọha na Ọha na ụba nke Tomsk Region Village, na 2018 mpaghara a kụrụ n'okpuru nduku na òtù ọrụ ugbo, ugbo na ndị ọchụnta ego n'otu n'otu karịrị 1,5 hectare 17,5, ma ọ bụ XNUMX% nke ihe ubi niile.
Dabere na ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mpaghara, nke kacha ukwuu na-emepụta nduku na mpaghara Tomsk bụ ugbo ala nke onwe, ebe na 2018 poteto kụrụ na mpaghara karịrị hectare 7 puku.
TLỌ Ọzụzụ Ilọ Ọrụ
Na 2018, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọha na Ọha na Obodo nke Tomsk Region bidoro ịrụ ọrụ na ndị were gị n'ọrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi nke ikike ọhụụ kachasị mkpa maka ndị ọkachamara na-eto eto na ngalaba agro-ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. A na-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche na otu ụzọ dị mkpa maka ọrụ ugbo - akụrụngwa.
Na ndabere nke agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, agronomists maka ugbo nke Tomsk mpaghara a zụọ ya maka afọ 25 site na Ngalaba Agronomy na Technology na nhazi nke Agricultural Products nke Tomsk Agricultural Institute, a alaka nke NSAU. Na 2018, ụmụ akwụkwọ 115 na-agụ akwụkwọ ebe ahụ. Nhapụ ikpeazụ mere na 2016, nke ọzọ ga-abụ na 2019. Atụmatụ ntinye aha maka 2019 bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ oge niile 20 na ụmụ akwụkwọ oge oge 30.
Otu n'ime ndị kasị mma nke mahadum bụ ndị isi agronomists nke ógbè nchịkwa na nnukwu ugbo na ogige, yana ndị isi nke ugbo.
LỌ ỌR IN N ’ỌRF N’ ỌRF
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mpaghara Tomsk na-ejide onwe ya na poteto maka 130-140%. Ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa maka mpaghara ahụ, nke dị na nke abụọ mgbe ọka wit dị mkpa.
Yabụ, OOO Kolpakov, nke na-eduga n'ubi nduku na mpaghara Tomsk, na -emepụta ihe karịrị 5 puku tọn ngwaahịa kwa afọ, na-ezube iwu nchekwa nduku nwere ikike nke puku tọn 2019 puku na njedebe nke 2,5. N'oge a na-ewu ya, a ga-eji teknụzụ modular rụọ ọrụ, nke ga-emecha nwekwuo ikike nchekwa na 8 puku tọn akwụkwọ nri na poteto kwa afọ. Ya mere, ugbo a gha enwe ike inye ahia na ulo oru ndi Tomsk n’aho ahia n’aho nile.
ỌR F FARA
Ugbo 33 (ụlọ ọrụ 8 na-akọ ugbo na ugbo 25) na-arụ ọrụ na mmepụta nduku na mpaghara, nke 16 nọ na mpaghara Tomsk. Enterlọ ọrụ atọ nwere ọnọdụ nke ịmị mkpụrụ (ha na-arụ ọrụ dịka atụmatụ "super-super-elite", "super-elite" na "elite") si kwuo, na-enye akụrụngwa akuku dị elu ọ bụghị naanị ụlọ ọrụ nke aka ha, kamakwa ndị ọrụ ibe ha na ụlọ ahịa ahụ.
Ndi oru OOO Kolpakov, Favourit, Agrofirma Zorkaltsevskaya, Zarechnoye, ndi oru ugbo Mikhail Kolpakov na Vyacheslav Rychko na ndi ozo na enwetara nnukwu ihe na oru ha.
Ugbo ala abuo buru ibu di na Shegarsky na ugwu Kolpashevsky. Ejikọtara mpaghara Kolpashevo na mpaghara nke Far North, ma ọ bụ oke ọrụ ugbo, mana ọbụlagodi ebe ndị na-akọ ugbo mụtara ị nweta oke mkpụrụ.
Nhọrọ na usoro
N'ebe ugwu nke mpaghara ahụ, enwere ngalaba nnwale nke Narym Department of Siberia Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat nke alaka ụlọ ọrụ SFNCA RAS. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke ngalaba a na-emeziwanye teknụzụ na-emepụta nduku na usoro nke nchedo ya megide ọrịa maka ihe karịrị afọ 70 (a na-azụlite ozuzu nduku kemgbe 1938, a na-amụkwa teknụzụ ugbo kemgbe 1912)
A na-eme usoro ozuzu n'ọhịa uzo iri akuku na ntụgharị soddy-ọkara podzolic aja aja loam nwere ọmụmụ ala ala.
N'ebe mmepụta nke ngalaba ahụ, amalitela ọrụ na ịmị mkpụrụ. A na-arụpụta mkpụrụ mkpụrụ nke isi dị ka atụmatụ afọ anọ: afọ mbụ - nhọrọ nke osisi mbụ; Afọ XNUMX - Ọnwụnwa mmepụta oyiri nke XNUMX; Afọ XNUMX - ikpe nke mmepụta oyiri nke Afọ XNUMX; afọ nke anọ - super-super-elite nursery. A na-enye òtù ndị ọrụ ugbo na mkpụrụ mkpụrụ nke iche: Pamyati Rogachev, Solnechny, Yubilyar, Yugan, Sarovskiy.
N'ọdịnihu, na ndabere nke Narym Ngalaba nke Siberia Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, a na-ezube imepụta etiti maka mmepe nke nhọrọ na mkpụrụ mkpụrụ na-eto eto nduku, nwee ike ịnye ezigbo mkpụrụ ụlọ maka akụnụba Siberia Lọ akwụkwọ ahụ etinyeworị akụkụ nke nrụnye aeroponic nke oge a, nke na-eme ka usoro nke ụdị dị iche iche dị ngwa ọtụtụ oge. Teknụzụ ndị ga-eji na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-enye ohere ọ bụghị naanị ịhazi mmeputakwa, ewepu ọrịa nke tubers na nje n'oge ọ bụla, kamakwa na-amịpụta minitubers na-enweghị ala n'afọ niile.
Ihe akara akara
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke Narym Department nke Siberia Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat kere ụdị poteto ndị a: Narymsky n'oge (1961), Kolpashevsky (1966), Ideal (1967), Priobsky (1972), Narymka (1989), Yanga (1997), Tomich (1998), Nakra (2000), Na ebe nchekwa nke Rogachev na Antonin (2005), Solnechny (2006), Ketsky (2008), Yubilyar (2009), Yugana (2011), Sarovsky (2014). Ihu ọma, ndị a niile iche na-esịne ke State Register nke ozuzu rụzuru mma maka na Russian Federation. Ọzọkwa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ iche: Narymchanin (Polesskiy - 36), nne na onye kere, mana ọ bụghị ụdị zoned: Krasa Naryma, Taezhnik, Venus, Chaya, Belukha.
A na-ahụ nhọrọ dị iche iche nke Tomsk site na iguzogide pathogens, ụtọ dị mma na nke magburu onwe ya, yana usoro nke atụmatụ ndị ọzọ dị mma.
Varietiesdị mmalite (Priobsky, Antonina, Yubilyar, Sarovsky) na-etolite mkpụrụ a na-ere ere na ọkwa nke 15-20 t / ha na ụbọchị 60 mgbe germination. Varietiesdị Ketsky, Solnechny, Pamyati Rogachev, Antonina bụ nke nwere mkpụrụ dị elu (50-60 t / ha na ndị ọzọ), mana na-agbakọta isi owuwe ihe ubi na ụbọchị ọzọ. Iche iche Nakra, Pamyati Rogacheva, Solnechny, Yugan na mmalite dịgasị iche iche Sarovsky nwere ike ịmachi stachi na 23% ma ọ bụ karịa. Dị nduku Tomich, Ketsky na Solnechny kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịme ibe, Antonina - maka mmiri dị omimi, Yugan - maka ịme French.
N'oge a, ọrụ nke ịmị mkpụrụ nduku na ngalaba Narym nke Siberia Research Institute of Agriculture and Technology bụ ịzụlite mkpụrụ dị elu na-amị mkpụrụ n'oge mbụ nwere ike ịmalite ngwa ngwa n'oge obere oge na-eto eto n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ dị ala, na-eguzogide ọgwụ na ọrịa na-efe efe, ma nwee akara ngosi tuber dị elu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụdị dị iche iche na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie na-achọkarị.
OMLỌ TOMSK PATATO
Ruo ọtụtụ afọ n'ahịrị, mpaghara ahụ na-eme ngosi ngosi nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ - mpaghara "Ememe Nduku". Kwa afọ ọ na-ebuwanye ibu. Na 2017, ihe dị ka puku mmadụ ise bi na Tomsk na ndị ọbịa nke obodo ahụ gara ezumike ahụ, bụ ndị rere tọn 110 nduku na mkpokọta. A na-enye nnukwu ndọtị iche iche poteto kwa afọ na ngosi ahụ site n'aka onye so na ya mgbe niile - Siberia Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat - ngalaba nke SFNTSA RAS.
N'oge ezumike ahụ, a na-eme asọmpi maka tuber poteto kachasị ukwuu kwa afọ. Na 2017, ndị bi na Asinovsky, Pervomaisky, Molchanovsky, Tomsk, Shegarsky, Chainsky distrikti nyere ndị tubers dị arọ maka asọmpi ahụ. Site na nsonaazụ ndị na-erikpu, tuber na-atụle 1330 gram, toro na ala Molchanov, natara aha "Bogatyr Potato".
TOMSKY ZEMLE - UMUAKA EGO!
Ngalaba Narym nke Siberia Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat n'obodo Kolpashevo, Tomsk Region, na-arụ ọrụ na mmepe nduku agba maka ihe dịka afọ 10.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị jisiri ike nweta tubers nke odo odo, acha anụnụ anụnụ-acha odo odo, na agba ọbara ọbara (ọ bụghị nanị na bee agba nwere agba, kamakwa pulp). Dabere na ndị na-azụ ya, poteto bara ọgaranya na antioxidants. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ahụ, a kabeghịrịrị ụdị ahụ, n'ihi ya, a na-etolite na naanị farmsteads. Mmepụta mmepụta ihe ga - ekwe omume naanị mgbe ị gafesịrị ule ahụ.
UBỌR UBỌ 2018: NKWUKWU POTATO
N'ime usoro mkparịta ụka agro-ụlọ ọrụ ụbọchị atọ "Ubi Ubọ-2018" na mpaghara Tomsk, otu ụbọchị zuru ezu maka mmepe nduku na-eto eto. Dabere na OOO Kolpakov na mpaghara Tomsk - onye ndu mpaghara na mmepụta nduku - enwere nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe bara uru "Poteto na Siberia: ahụmịhe mmepe na atụmanya mmepe". Ihe omume ahụ chịkọtara ihe dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị 50, ndị na-azụ ihe, ndị na-akụ nduku sitere na mpaghara Moscow, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk na mpaghara Tomsk.
Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Denis Kolpakov mere ngosipụta nke akụrụngwa na-eto eto nduku nke oge a, nke nwere ihe dị ka nkeji iri anọ na ugbo. Energy oru oma John Deer traktọ, Lemken trailed tillage implement, Grimme nduku akuku mgbagwoju, wdg arụ ọrụ n'ọhịa. - usoro nke teknụzụ na usoro ọhụụ nke teknụzụ ugbo, nke na-enye ohere ka ugbo rụọ ọrụ ubi n'ụzọ ziri ezi na n'oge. Egosiri ndị sonyere nzukọ ahụ usoro nke oge a maka nkwadebe tupu nduku nduku (ịkwakọ na ụgbụ 40 n'arọ na ngwugwu adịchaghị mma nke eji akwa combi mee;
Enwere mmasị pụrụ iche nke ndị na-azụ ihe na ndị na-akụ nduku site na nyocha nke ubi na-eto nduku, ebe taa na-azụlite ụdị ụlọ dị iche iche - Kemerovochanin, Tuleevsky - na ndị si mba ọzọ (maka oge mbụ n'afọ a, a na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi nnuku nke ụdị German German Alliance).
Anastasia Borovkova, onye isi nke ngalaba nduku nke German Seed Alliance (Moscow) kwuru, sị: “Anyị lere ubi nke ugbo Kolpakov LLC anya ma nwee obi ụtọ. - Teknụzụ ndị etinyere na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, site na ịkọ ihe na ihe ọkụkụ, - n'ọkwa dị elu nke ukwuu. N'ịtụle ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike na oge na-eto eto dị mkpụmkpụ, nkezi mkpụrụ nduku nke narị abụọ na iri abụọ na-enweta n'ugbo ahụ kwesịrị ka a kwanyere ya ùgwù.
E mekwara ka ndị ahụ sonyere nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe ahụ gosipụta ọrụ nke Laboratory nke Biotechnological Methods of Breeding and Seed Production of Agricultural Crops of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, ngalaba nke SFNCA RAS n'ime obodo Bogashevo, ebe a na-eme nchọpụta nke oge a iji nweta ndị na-eme ihe nduku dị mma site na microcloning.