Mpaghara nke mpaghara: 39.6 puku square mita. km
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ: 1 mmadụ, nke 135% bi n'obodo ukwu.
Ọnọdụ ala:
Mpaghara a dị n'etiti akụkụ Europe nke Russia, akụkụ nke Central Federal District na Central Economic Region nke Russian Federation.
Ihu igwe: ihu igwe ihu igwe.
Nkezi okpomọkụ na January bụ 10 ° C, na July +20 Celsius C. Ná nkezi, 500 mm nke mmiri ozuzo na-ada kwa afọ (25-30% n'ụdị snow).
Mpaghara nke ala ugbo: 2323,3 puku hectare, gụnyere ala ubi - 1468,1 puku hectare. Dị ka Ryazanstat si kwuo, ebe a kụrụ n'ugbo niile dị na 2014 ruru 811,3 puku hectare, nke bụ 4,0% na-erughị maka owuwe ihe ubi 2013.
Nduku bụ ngwaahịa nke anyị kwesịrị iji mee ka ikike mbupụ anyị dị elu!
Interview na Minister nke Agriculture na nri nke Ryazan Region Boris Viktorovich Shemyakin.
- Boris Viktorovich, Ryazan mpaghara kemgbe ama maka nduku Russia dum. Gwa anyị ntakịrị banyere "akụkọ nduku" nke mpaghara ahụ.
- Agroclimatic ọnọdụ na mpaghara ọnọdụ nke Ryazan mpaghara bụ mma maka nduku mmepụta. Mpaghara a na-abụkarị ndị na-ebubata poteto ndị a na-ere ahịa na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ugwu nke mba ahụ. Ewetara oke owuwe ihe ubi nduku kacha na 1975 wee bụrụ puku tọn 1750. N'oge ahụ, ebe a kụrụ bụ hectare 158 gụnyere ihe dị ka hectare 110 na mkpokọta ugbo na ugbo ala; naanị mpaghara Bryansk kụrụ ma mepụta poteto ndị ọzọ na mba ahụ n'ime afọ ndị a. Site na ngbanwe na mmekọrịta ahịa, mpaghara a na-akụ nduku ebelatala nke ukwuu; ugbo nke onwe aghọwo ndị na-emepụta ihe. Otú ọ dị, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi ntinye ego na-adọta, enweela mgbanwe na ọkwa mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ.
- Olee otú ị nwere ike ugbu a mara larịị nke mmepe nduku na-eto eto na mpaghara?
- Mpaghara Ryazan bụ mpaghara zuru oke n'ihe gbasara ụdị nri. Taa, mmepụta nduku bụ okpukpu 2,5 karịa oriri.
N'afọ 2014, mpaghara a kụrụ n'ugbo niile ruru hectare 25,7, ihe dịka 20% bụ mpaghara na ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na ugbo, ebe a na-eji teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eto poteto. A na-eji akụrụngwa arụ ọrụ dị elu, fatịlaịza ịnweta, ngwaahịa nchekwa ihe ọkụkụ ebe a, a na-eme mgbanwe dị iche iche na mgbanwe dị iche iche n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị. Ya mere, e nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na mmezu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụlọ ezinụlọ nke onwe: na 2014, mkpụrụ na ugbo nkeonwe bụ 142 c / ha, na ụlọ ọrụ ugbo - 195 c / ha.
N'ihi na anyị, ndị a na-adịghị elu ọnụ ọgụgụ: nduku owuwe ihe ubi ikpeazụ oge na-emetụta ihu igwe na August, mgbe n'oge nọ n'ọrụ ibu nke tubers e nwere mmiri mpe mpe na abnormally elu okpomọkụ. Ma teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eme ka o kwe omume iwepụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-adịghị mma. Ihe atụ nke a bụ AgroSoyuzSpassk LLC, ebe ojiji nke teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na ogbugba mmiri n'ubi mere ka o kwe omume iwe ihe ubi ihe karịrị puku tọn 19 puku tọn poteto dị elu; mkpụrụ a gbanyere mmiri n'ubi karịrị 600 c/ha.
Taa, ịkụ nduku na imepụta akwụkwọ nri so n'ihe ndị kacha emetụta n'ọrụ ugbo. Na njedebe nke 2014, uru nduku na mpaghara ahụ karịrị 40%, na uru mụbara ugboro anọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2013. Nke a bụ ihe na-akọwa mma nke ụlọ ọrụ maka ndị na-etinye ego na-etinye ego ọ bụghị nanị na mmepụta mmiri nke oge a, kamakwa na mmepe nke nchekwa nchekwa na nkwadebe tupu ire ere.
Na 2015, ugbo mpaghara na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye ebe ahụ site na 0,5 puku hectare, na mpaghara nke ala mmiri ga-abawanye (site na 0,8 ruo 1,3 puku hectare).
- Ị na-eme atụmatụ ịmalite mmepụta mkpụrụ nke gị?
- Nke a bụ ọrụ siri ike. Na mbụ, usoro na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara: òtù Ryazansem Potato Production Association gụnyere ugbo ala iri na abụọ nke na-emepụta mkpụrụ osisi. Netwọk nke ugbo distrikti nyere ugbo azụmahịa nke nwere nkpuru omumu.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị na-akụ nduku azụtala mkpụrụ osisi na-ewu ewu na mpaghara Moscow na Samara, Republic of Belarus, Germany, na Holland. Otú ọ dị, n'afọ a, na ndabere nke Luch Agricultural Production complex na Kasimovsky district, na ntinye nke ọtụtụ ugbo, MaryKlon LLC ka e kere, onye atụmatụ ogologo oge bụ iji guzobe mmepụta nke mkpụrụ osisi nduku na oke elu. ruo 7 puku tọn. Enwere m olileanya na ka oge na-aga, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-aghọ onye na-ebubata mkpụrụ osisi ọ bụghị naanị maka ugbo nduku, kamakwa maka ubi nke onwe.
- Gịnị ka ị nwere ike ikwu banyere akụrụngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ: ruo n'ókè ke mpaghara onwem na oge a nduku nchekwa akụrụngwa na edoghi maka tupu ire nkwadebe nduku?
- Ahịa ahụ na-etinye nnukwu ihe na-achọsi ike na ngwaahịa nduku na akwụkwọ nri, na-enweghị ebe nchekwa ọgbara ọhụrụ na ebe nkwadebe tupu ire ere, enweghị ike iru ọkwa achọrọ. Afọ ole na ole gara aga, Gọvanọ nke mpaghara Ryazan, Oleg Kovalev, setịpụrụ ọrụ nke ịmepụta netwọk nke ebe nchekwa nke oge a ka ugbo wee nwee ike ịchekwa ihe ubi ha ruo oge opupu ihe ubi wee ree ya na ọnụahịa kacha mma. Taa, na ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na ugbo, ikike nchekwa ihe karịrị puku tọn 110 nke nchekwa n'otu oge. Ndị a bụ ebe nchekwa nduku 63 na akwụkwọ nri 8, nke na-eme ka nchekwa nke ihe ọkụkụ niile tolitere.
Ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ dị maka nnukwu ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka Avangard LLC nke mpaghara Ryazan (ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nduku 6 nwere ikike nke 9 puku tọn), ugbo mkpokọta Zavety Ilyich (ụlọ nchekwa 3 poteto nwere ikike nke 4,5 puku tọn 1,2 na ihe nchekwa ihe oriri. akụrụngwa nwere ikike nke puku tọn 4 puku nwere akụrụngwa refrigeration kacha ọhụrụ) akụrụngwa na ahịrị nkwakọ ngwaahịa) na ugbo mkpokọta akpọrọ aha. Lenin, Kasimovsky district (8 ebe nchekwa maka XNUMX puku tọn).
Adọtala nnukwu ego itinye ego iji mepụta na imeziwanye ntọala nchekwa ahụ. Ya mere, LLC "Agro-industrial Enterprise" "Ungor" na-emejuputa atumatu maka owuwu nke ebe nchekwa ihe oriri na ngwa refrigeration na ventilashion maka 49 puku tọn n'obodo Rybnoye, a na-enye ọrụ mbụ maka 7,5 puku tọn. Na mpaghara Spassky, Agrosoyuz-Spassk na-ewu ihe mgbagwoju anya maka nchekwa na nhazi mbụ nke poteto na akwụkwọ nri (ịhazi, nha, ịsacha, nkwakọ ngwaahịa). Ụlọ ọrụ Shilovsky Agricultural Holding na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emepụta ebe nchekwa ya: ọrụ ahụ na-enye maka ịmepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya nke nwere ikike nke 10 puku tọn, na ebe nchekwa 2 nwere ikike nke 5,5 puku tọn abanyela n'ọrụ. N'ime afọ atọ sochirinụ, ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ 10 na-eme atụmatụ iwu ụlọ nchekwa ọhụrụ, gbasaa na imeziwanye ụlọ ndị dị ugbu a.
- Enwere ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nduku na mpaghara (ma ọ bụ atụmatụ ịmepụta ha)?
- Otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nduku kachasị ọhụrụ na mba ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara Ryazan
- CJSC Miloslavsky Food Processing Plant, ọ bụ akụkụ nke Kuntsevo Trade and Industrial Group. Emere ọkwa nke mbụ na Jenụwarị 2011. Taa, akụrụngwa arụnyere na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye ohere imepụta ihe ruru kilogram 550 nke flakes nduku kwa elekere, ma enwere ebe nchekwa nduku maka puku tọn 18.
A na-emepụta flakes na-enweghị mgbakwunye, nwere ụtọ eke na ngwaahịa akpọnwụwo. A na-ere ngwaahịa nke PC "Miloslavsky" na Moscow na mpaghara Moscow, St. , Brazil, Argentina). N'ọdịnihu, ha na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye ebe nchekwa nduku site na ugboro 4,2 na ikike nke eriri teknụzụ ugboro abụọ.
N'afọ 2014, a na-edozi 16,4 puku tọn poteto, akụkụ nke (7,6 puku tọn) na-emepụta na ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nke Ryazan Potato CJSC. Osisi ahụ zụtakwara akụrụngwa sitere n'ugbo ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara ahụ. Ọnụnọ nke nnukwu nhazi dị otú ahụ na mpaghara ahụ na-enye ndị ọrụ ugbo ahịa ahịa, gụnyere obere poteto.
- Kedu ka esi edozi nsogbu nke ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ?
- Staffing bụ ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka mmepe nke ọ bụghị naanị nduku na-eto eto, kamakwa ụlọ ọrụ ugbo dum. Ọzụzụ nke ndị ọrụ ruru eru bụ nke Ryazan State Agrotechnological University aha ya bụ. P.A. Kostychev na ihe karịrị 15 ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ iche.
N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, anyị enweela ọnọdụ dị mma na-adọta ndị na-eto eto: na 2014, ihe karịrị 100 ndị ọkachamara na-eto eto bịara ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ugbo. A na-akwado nke a site na ntinye nke mmemme mmepe ime obodo na-adịgide adịgide, nke a na-ewu ụlọ (n'afọ gara aga, ezinụlọ 90 nwetara ụgwọ ọrụ ọha na eze na ego ruru 92% nke ọnụ ahịa ya) na a na-emepụta akụrụngwa obodo, obodo dum. na-agbakwunyere kọmpat mmepe a na-ewu (enwerelarị 15 n'ime ha na mpaghara). Maka ndị ọkachamara na-eto eto, otu oge (86600 rubles) na uru kwa ọnwa (4330 rubles) dị maka afọ atọ mbụ nke ọrụ.
Ndị ọrụ nkịtị nke ụlọ ọrụ agro-industrial kwesịrị inwe obi ike n'ọdịnihu; nke a ga-ekwe omume mgbe ndị mmadụ na-enweta ụgwọ ọrụ dị mma maka ọrụ ha. Taa na mpaghara Ryazan, mmụba ụgwọ ọrụ bụ otu n'ime ọnọdụ maka ugbo iji nweta enyemaka site na mmefu ego. N'ihi usoro a, na 2014 ọ ga-ekwe omume nweta mmụba nke ụgwọ ọnwa na ụlọ ọrụ site na 13,9% ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2013 (na òtù ọrụ ugbo ọ ruru 17342 rubles - ezigbo ọnụ ọgụgụ maka mpaghara anyị).
- Kedu ugbo na-enye aka na mmepe nke nduku na-eto eto na mpaghara?
- N'ime 30 kacha mma nduku ugbo na Russia bụ mkpokọta ugbo aha ya. Lenin, Kasimovsky district. Otu aka dị ukwuu na mmepe nke nduku na-eto eto na mpaghara ahụ bụ ndị otu ugbo "Zavety Ilyich" nke Kasimovsky, LLC "Avangard" nke Ryazan mpaghara, CJSC "Ryazan Potato" nke Miloslavsky district, yana ugbo ndị e hiwere ọhụrụ - LLC AgroSoyuzSpassk na LLC Agroholding Shilovsky.
- Gwa anyị gbasara atụmatụ mpaghara maka mmepe nke nduku na-eto eto. Kedu ọrụ ndị na-abịa?
mkpokọta ugbo aha Lenin, Kasimovsky district - Onye so na Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Na-emepụta Nduku nke Rọshịa. Ọ na-eji teknụzụ na-eto eto Europe, a na-arụ ọrụ ahụ kpamkpam (site na ịkọ ala ruo nhazi ihe ọkụkụ). Mpaghara kwa afọ n'okpuru nduku bụ hectare 320. Na 2014, a na-egbute poteto puku tọn 9 na nkezi mkpụrụ nke 281 c / ha. Ugbo mkpokọta nwere ebe nchekwa ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke na-enye ya ohere ịchekwa na ire ihe ubi n'ime afọ. Avangard LLC, Ryazan mpaghara - otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ugbo kacha mma na Central Russia. Ugbo a nwere ọtụtụ usoro: yana ọrụ ugbo mmiri ara ehi ọdịnala na ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ, ịkọ nduku na ịkọ ubi na-etolite. Na 2014, ebe dị n'okpuru poteto bụ hectare 327, 8 puku tọn na-egbute na mkpụrụ nke 246 c / ha. Ugbo a na-amị nri na mkpụrụ nduku. Ugbo ala ubi nke ezinụlọ Mansurov na Klepikovsky district e kere na 2007. Ijikọta sayensị na omume, iji fatịlaịza na ihe mkpụrụ dị elu na-amị mkpụrụ. N'afọ 2014, mpaghara niile a kụrụ n'ugbo ahụ bụ hectare 370, nke hectare 140 bụ poteto. A na-anakọta puku tọn 3 na mkpụrụ nke 211 c/ha. Mkpụrụ nduku nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na-emepụta adịghị mkpa mgbasa ozi pụrụ iche - ndị mmadụ na-abịara ha site na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke Russia. |
- Isi ntụziaka nke ọrụ maka ọdịnihu dị nso bụ ịbawanye acreage na mpịakọta nke mmepụta nduku, ịmepụta ebe nchekwa nke oge a, gụnyere na nkwado nkwado. Anyị na-eme atụmatụ iwebata teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ maka poteto na-eto eto (a ga-elekwasị anya na iji ohere ịgba mmiri - ma n'ugbo buru ibu ma n'obere ugbo). bụ ngwaahịa anyị kwesịrị iji bulie ikike mbupụ anyị.
A bit nke akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ná mmalite nke narị afọ nke 511, n'ime obodo Kostino, Ryvnovsky district, Ryazan ọchịchị, 50 ụdị nduku na-akọ. A ghaghaara nchịkọta a ụgha ma gbasaa site na Nikolai Yakovlevich Nikitinsky, otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-azụ ndị Russia, onye na-agbasa ozi kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi nke "Barn nke abụọ", bụ onye kwenyere na ọ bụ poteto ga-azọpụta Russia site na ụnwụ nri. Ndị oge a na-akpọ Nikitinsky "eze nduku." Na aha ahụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ugbo ahụ na-eji mkpụrụ osisi enwetara site na ịgafe ụdị dị iche iche ndị a na-ebubata na nke ụlọ, ma na-egbute ihe ubi a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya (site na peach 150 ruo XNUMX kwa ohia).
N'afọ 1920, e bufere poteto nke ụdị "Nikitinsky" na ọdụ Korenevskaya e guzobere ọhụrụ dị nso na Moscow (ugbu a Institute Research Institute of Potato Farming). Nke a bụ otú akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nduku Soviet si malite na poteto Ryazan.