N'oge ọrụ ugbo nke 2022, mpaghara a kụrụ n'okpuru beets shuga nọgidere bụrụ otu ihe ahụ na 2021, na-agbasa, dị ka Rosstat si kwuo, naanị 2%. Ihu igwe n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ na-akwado uto ya. Iji chekwaa mkpụrụ osisi beet shuga site na ọrịa, ụlọ ọrụ "August" nyere ndị ọrụ ugbo ọgwụ ọgwụ gbasaara nke ọma gafere ule ndị ahụ, na-anagide ọrịa nke ọma ma na-abawanye mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ.
Ọrịa shuga biiti na ọdịnala gụnyere phomosis, fusarium, ramularia, Alternaria, mildew powdery, cercosporosis. Otú ọ dị, na Russia taa, cercosporosis na powdery mildew bụ ihe kachasị na-emerụ ahụ. Ọrịa ndị a na-ebelata ihe ọkụkụ, belata ọdịnaya shuga nke ihe ọkụkụ mgbọrọgwụ ma mebie ikike nchekwa ha.
Ihe na-akpata ọrịa mildew powdery na-etolite naanị na osisi dị ndụ. Ihe ncheta na-acha ọcha, bụ isi ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa ahụ, bụ mycelium nke fungus pathogen, na-emepụta ihe na-esi na ya na spores maka mmepụta nwoke na nwanyị - conidia, nke na-enye ọtụtụ ọgbọ n'oge oge ma na-ebute osisi ọhụrụ. A na-echekwa ero ahụ na residues osisi, mkpụrụ osisi, mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ hapụrụ n'ọhịa site na afọ gara aga. Iji luso ọrịa ahụ ọgụ, ọ dị mkpa ileba anya na teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo, mana na oke mmebi, ọgwụgwọ fungicides bụ naanị ọgwụgwọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.
Cercosporosis na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị sugar beets, kamakwa ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-apụta na akwụkwọ ya n'ụdị ntụpọ agba aja aja na-acha uhie uhie ma ọ bụ na-acha uhie uhie-agba aja aja. Na pathogen overwinters dị ka mycelium na ochie n'elu, na pericarp nke osisi, na Eriri akpa nwa na mgbọrọgwụ. Ọrịa na-etolite ọzọ ike na afọ na alternating akọrọ na-ekpo ọkụ na moderately ọkụ iru mmiri ihu igwe. Ntughari ihe ubi na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa cercosporosis, ma n'ihi ọtụtụ osisi ndị ọbịa nke ero ero, ojiji nke fungicides anaghị ezughị oke.
“Dabere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke oge, otu n'ime ọrịa abụọ a na-apụtakarị. Nsogbu ndị ndị ọrụ ugbo chere ihu maara nke ọma, mmadụ nwere ike ịsị, zubere. Ugbo ụfọdụ na-eme ọgwụgwọ mbụ mgbochi fungicidal n'oge ugbu a. Na ndịda (na Krasnodar na Stavropol) na-abawanye na oriri ọnụego nke fungicides na mbelata nke etiti oge n'etiti ọgwụgwọ na-kwuru, ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ dị mkpa ịmalite ọgwụgwọ fungicidal nke atọ, - kwuru Vladimir Peshekhonov, a na-eduga ọkachamara na. ngalaba mmepe ngwaahịa nke Avgust Firm JSC na Central Black Earth Region.
Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị na-akụ beets na-eji nkwadebe ndị dị otú ahụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ August dị ka Rayok, Benorad, Credo, Kolosal Pro iji luso ọrịa ọgụ ọgụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ngwaahịa nchebe beet abawanyela n'ihi iwebata ngwaahịa dabere na ihe ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị irè karị - dịka ọmụmaatụ, epoxiconazole na tetraconazole sitere na klas thiazole. Ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ bụ akụkụ nke nkwadebe Hecate (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), Rakurs (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) na Mmụọ (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole). Na ndabere nke azoxystrobin "August" na-emepụta fungicides "Baly" (propiconazole + azoksystrobin).
"Otu okwu ole na ole banyere azoxystrobin: na-anọgide na wax oyi akwa nke akwukwo, ọ na-echebe osisi si ọhụrụ spores nke fungal pathogens. N'ijikọta ya na triazoles, ọ na-enwe ike ịkwụsị ọrịa na-amalitelarị ma kwụsị ịkpachapụ anya ma ọ bụrụ na a manyere igbu oge na ọgwụgwọ," Vladimir Peshekhonov na-ekwu.
The fungicide "Tirada" (thiram + difenoconazole) gosikwara ya nkwa. Thiram na-enye ọrụ kọntaktị siri ike megide fungi na nje bacteria. Ọgwụgwọ prophylactic kachasị dị irè na ọgwụ a bụ iji chebe ya pụọ na spores germinating n'elu akwụkwọ.
Ule nke ngwaahịa ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ afọ: dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nnwale na ndabere nke All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet na Sugar aha ya bụ A.L. Mazlumov na mpaghara Voronezh, nke emere na 2017-2019. Fungicides "Gekata", "Spirit", "Baly" na "Tirada" gosipụtara arụmọrụ dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere atụmatụ ọdịnala - ojiji ha mere ka o kwe omume ịbawanye mkpụrụ nke beets shuga site na 4-5 tọn kwa hectare, yana ịbawanye ụbara nke ọma. Ọdịnaya shuga dị na mgbọrọgwụ sitere na 0,5-2%.
"N'ọnọdụ akọrọ n'oge oge na-eto eto, a na-enweta mkpụrụ kachasị mma site na iji Balia, 0,8 l / ha na Spirit, 0,7 l / ha. N'ime afọ mmiri mmiri, Hecate, 0,8 l / ha, ghọrọ ihe kachasị dị irè megide cercosporosis. "Baly", "Spirit" na "Hecate" belata mgbasa na mmepe nke cercosporosis ihe dị ka ugboro 2, powdery mildew - site 4-5 ugboro tụnyere njikwa na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ," na-achikota Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Ndị ọkachamara nke "August" na-akwado iji fungicides ndị dị n'elu na adjuvants "Allur" ma ọ bụ "Polyphem", nke mere na ngwọta nke ọgwụ ahụ na-agbasa nke ọma karịa akwụkwọ ahụ, na-edozi ya nke ọma ma malite ngwa ngwa na-eme ihe na pathogen.