E gosipụtara ụdị nduku ọhụrụ, teknụzụ maka ichebe osisi site na ọrịa na pests na nzukọ ọmụmụ sayensị na mmepụta na South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture na Potato Growing (YUUNIISK) na Chelyabinsk. Ndị isi na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwuru maka nsonaazụ ọhụrụ nke ịmụba nduku.
Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri bịara nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe ahụ. Onye osote onye mbụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo nke Chelyabinsk Region Alexander Zavalishchin na onye isi nke ngalaba mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na obere ụdị njikwa nke Ministry of Agriculture na mpaghara Yuri Zasypkin, onye isi nke YuUNIISK họpụtara ọhụrụ - alaka ụlọ ọrụ Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center. Alaka Ural nke Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Agrarian Research Center) Nikolai Glaz, yana ndị nnọchi anya ndị na-ebubata ngwaahịa nchekwa osisi, ụlọ ọrụ sayensị nke mpaghara Sverdlovsk na Orenburg, ndị ọrụ ugbo nke South Ural nduku na-eto eto.
Na-emepe nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, Alexander Zavalishchin kwuru na taa, mpaghara Chelyabinsk enweela ọganihu dị mma na mmepụta anụ ụlọ, karịsịa anụ ọkụkọ na anụ ezi - na ọkwa nke mpaghara Russia, n'otu n'otu, ọ na-ejide ahịrị nke abụọ na nke isii. Na nhazi ọka, ịkụ mkpụrụ mmanụ, mpaghara ahụ na-egosipụtakwa nsonaazụ dị mma. A na-akụkwa nduku n'ụdị buru ibu, ma n'ụlọ ọrụ mkpokọta ma n'ezinaụlọ.
- Na 2018, ọ bụ naanị òtù na-eto eto nduku na ugbo toro ma na-egbute 146 puku tọn poteto, - kwuru na-eme ihe. Onye osote onye isi nke mbụ - n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga, nke a bụ ihe ndekọ ndekọ maka mpaghara ahụ. N'ime mpịakọta a, a na-ebupụ 40 puku tọn poteto maka ire ere na mpụga mpaghara. Site na mmụba nke mmepụta mmepụta, ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eche nsogbu nke ire ngwaahịa ndị a niile ihu. Nke a pụtara na ndị na-azụ ahịa, agbụ ndị na-ere ahịa enweghị afọ ojuju na ihe. Ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa ọnọdụ dị na ahịa, ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ịzụ ahịa ma mee ngwa maka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị - ịmepụta ụdị dị iche iche na-achọ na ahịa.
Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, Ph.D. Nikolay Glaz :
- A na-ekwe nkwa ntụziaka anyị bụ ihe e kere eke nke iche adabara ulo oru nhazi. Ugbu a, ụdị nduku Zakhar dị iche iche na-anwale ule steeti dị iche iche ma na-egosi nsonaazụ mbido dị mma. Anyị nwere olile anya na a ga-ewepụta ụdịdị a dabere na nsonaazụ ule 2020. Kashtak dị iche iche poteto - ụdị siri ike - etinyere maka nnwale steeti na 2018.
Na 2019, a na-akwado ụdị ọhụrụ na-eguzogide ọrịa kansa na nematodes maka ịnyefe na nyocha steeti dị iche iche, n'okpuru aha ọrụ "Albatros". Ụdị dị iche iche a nwere mkpụrụ nke 50 tọn kwa hectare, ọdịnaya starch - pasent 18, ezigbo uto. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke nguzogide ọrịa, yana ezigbo idobe mma n'oge nchekwa.
Otu n'ime ihe na-eme n'ọzụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ bụ imepụta ụdị dị iche iche nwere pulp tuber nwere agba," Nikolai Glaz gara n'ihu. - A na-eme atụmatụ ibufe otu n'ime ihe nlele ndị a maka nnwale n'ọdịnihu dị nso. Mmezu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-eto nduku na-amasị ndị bi na mpaghara Chelyabinsk nke ukwuu. Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-enwe ekele maka ịdị elu dị elu nke ụdị anyị. A na-eme ka nlekọta nke mkpụrụ osisi dị elu nke ịkụ tubers nduku site na nkwalite meristem na mmepụta mkpụrụ mbụ.
N'ime ụdị dị iche iche bred na YuKNIISK n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya ma na-anwale ule dị iche iche nke steeti, ọ bara uru ịkọ Kuzovok, mgbaaka, Kavaler, Itsil. A na-edobe ụdị ndị a dị ka ndị na-eguzogide ọrịa ma na-echekwa ya nke ọma.
Taa, ụlọ ọrụ na-eto nduku na-etokarị nduku nke ụdị Nevsky - ihe karịrị ọkara nke mkpokọta ihe ọkụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mpaghara Chelyabinsk - 1549 hectare. Ụdị dị iche iche nke YUUNIISK na-enwe oke dị ala karịa - ụdị Tarasov - hectare 22, ụdị Spiridon - naanị hectare 5. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị ndị a na-akụ taa na mpaghara Chelyabinsk bụ 25, nke naanị ụdị ise ka ewepụtara maka ịkụ ihe na South Urals. Na mgbakwunye na Nevsky, ihe ọkụkụ kachasị ukwuu bụ ụdị Romano na Rosara, nke Dutch na German nhọrọ, n'otu n'otu.
Yury Zasypkin, Onye isi nke Ngalaba Na-eto eto na-eto eto na obere ụdị nchịkwa nke Ministry of Agriculture mpaghara, kwuru n'okwu ya na ọ dị mkpa ịbawanye mmepụta nke mkpụrụ osisi nduku. O kwuru na n'afọ gara aga, a haziri South Ural Institute of Horticulture na Potato Growing site na ịbanye na Ural Agrarian Research Center dị ka alaka ụlọ ọrụ na, na nke a, natara nkwalite ọhụrụ maka mmepe ọzọ.
Yury Zasypkin kwuru, "Dịka amụma amụma, ihe dị ka tọn poteto 2019 ga-akụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na 120." - Mpịakọta a zuru ezu iji nye ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ, na-eburu n'uche ngwaahịa ndị a na-ebubata. A na-elekwasị anya na mmepụta nduku karịsịa na mpaghara Chelyabinsk - ndị a bụ mpaghara Argayashsky, Sosnovsky na Krasnoarmeisky. Ha na-akpata ihe karịrị 75% nke ngụkọta nduku na mpaghara. Mgbe niile nnukwu ebe n'okpuru nduku na Krasnoarmeiskoye SHP JSC (400 ha), Chernovskoy SHPK (400 ha), Mursalov Farm Farm - (270 ha), Sovkhoz Akbashevsky OJSC (250 ha). Ebe a na-akụ poteto kacha ukwuu dị na ugbo Makhmadov - ihe karịrị hectare 600, ugbo a bụkwa onye mmekọ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-eto eto nduku taa.
Yuriy Zasypkin gwara ndị sonyere na seminarị ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu banyere nkwado steeti ugbu a maka ụlọ ọrụ na-eto nduku. Ndị na-akụ poteto nwere ike iji nkwado na-enweghị njikọ: n'ụzọ nke na-eto eto poteto na akwụkwọ nri na mbara ala, mmefu ego mpaghara na-enye 2019 nde rubles na 23, n'ụzọ nke na-eto eto poteto na mmanụ mmanụ - 35 nde. Iji kwado mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi - 101 nde rubles. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mmefu ego na-enye nkwado steeti maka ịzụrụ ngwá ọrụ ugbo na ego kwa afọ nke 200 nde rubles, enyemaka maka iwu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ebe nchekwa nduku, na ego 115 nde rubles. Ọnụ ego nkwado steeti maka ịzụta fatịlaịza ịnweta bụ 40 nde rubles, maka nlọghachi nke ala ubi na mgbasa ozi ugbo - 30 nde rubles.
N'oge ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, e welitere isiokwu kachasị mkpa nke ichebe poteto site na ọrịa dị iche iche: mbubreyo blight, nematodes, alternariosis na ndị ọzọ. Onye nnọchiteanya mpaghara nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na mpaghara Chelyabinsk, Lyudmila Kuznetsova, kọrọ banyere ngwaahịa Bayer nke na-eguzogide ọrịa nke ọma. O kwuru banyere ọgwụ fungicides dị irè megide ọrịa dị iche iche nke nduku, yana megide ahịhịa.
Ksenia Vanina, onye isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka nchekwa ihe ọkụkụ nke alaka Rosselkhozcenter na mpaghara Chelyabinsk, gwara ndị sonyere na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe gbasara phytosanitary steeti ịkụ nduku na South Urals na 2019. N'ime ndị na-ekwu okwu nwekwara osote onye isi nke Ural Research Institute of Agriculture (Yekaterinburg), Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Alexander Shanin.
O kwuru banyere ọnọdụ na nduku ozuzu na Urals Federal District na na Russia dum. Alexander Mushinsky, Dọkịta nke Sayensị Agricultural, Onye isi nke Ngalaba Nduku na-eto eto nke Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems na Agrotechnologies nke Russian Academy of Sciences, gwara ndị na-ege ntị nsonaazụ ule dị iche iche nke nduku nke YuUNIISK bred na steppe. mpaghara mpaghara Orenburg.
N'ime usoro ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, ndị sonyere ya gara leta ebe nnwale na mpaghara YUUNIISK, ebe ha nyochara ihe ọkụkụ nnwale nke ụdị poteto dị iche iche na nri ndị a kwadebere na nduku a.
Pịa etiti Ministry of Agriculture
Chelyabinsk mpaghara