Anastasia Borovkova, Omia Ural LLC, onye njikwa mmepe agribusiness
Nduku abụrụla ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa na mba anyị, nke a na-akụ n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara niile nke Russia, na mgbanwe na ndụ ọha mmadụ niile n'ihi ọrịa na-efe efe ekwenyela ọzọ mkpa maka “achịcha nke abụọ” maka ndị mmadụ. Ọ bụghị ihe ndabara na Onye isi oche nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke United Nations (FAO), Qu Dongyu, kwupụtara na 2021 ga-abụ afọ mba ụwa nke mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri. Welite mmata maka mkpa ngwaahịa ndị a dị maka nri nri, nchekwa nri na ahụike.
N'agbanyeghị nke a, a na-enwe ọganihu dị ala na mpaghara ịkụ ihe na Russia. Dị ka Rosstat si kwuo, mpaghara ịkụ nduku na ngalaba mmepụta ihe nke nduku na-eto na Russia na 2020 n'ugbo nke ụdị niile ruru 280,9 puku hectare, nke bụ 8,0% (24,4 puku hectare) na-erughị na 2019. N'ime afọ 5, ha gbadara site na 22,1% (site na 79,7 puku hectare), ihe karịrị afọ 10 site na 21,5% (site na 77,0 puku hectare). Nrụpụta, n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, na-etowanye nke ọma na afọ 10 gara aga abawanyela site na 13,6 t / ha ruo 24,4 t / ha. Nke a ghọrọ ihe kwere omume n'ihi nkwalite nkà na ụzụ ugbo na ugbo, gụnyere n'ihi ụbara ojiji nke fatịlaịza ịnweta.
N'oge a, ndị na-emepụta ụlọ na-emepụta ihe karịrị ụdị 60 nke fatịlaịza. Na 2021, dị ka Ministry of Agriculture nke Russian Federation si kwuo, a na-atụ anya ịzụta fatịlaịza ịnweta na nde tọn 4 nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ, nke dị 14% karịa afọ gara aga.
Otú ọ dị, itinye ihe na-adịghị mma mgbe niile, ebe ọ bụ na e nwere mmachi ọnọdụ maka irè ojiji nke fatịlaịza na nke a bụ, nke mbụ, ala acidity nke ala, nke budata ebelata larịị nke edozi absorption site osisi (Table 1.).
Ntọala 1
Ọkwa nnabata nri dabere na pH ala
pH | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 |
N | 30 | 43 | 77 | 89 | 100 |
P2O5 | 23 | 31 | 48 | 52 | 100 |
K2O | 33 | 52 | 77 | 100 | 100 |
Isi mmalite: Omia White akwụkwọ
N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụghị nanị na agronomic arụmọrụ nke fatịlaịza iji fatịlaịza na-efunahụ, ma enwerekwa mfu akụ na ụba. Iji poteto tebụl dị ka ihe atụ, ka anyị gbakọọ ihe mfu kwa hectare na-atụ anya na pH 5,5 na nkezi ngwa zonal dose nke N120 P100 K240.
A na-eme mgbakọ ahụ site na usoro:
ego fatịlaịza | Х | dose nke fatịlaịza | Х | (100 - digestibility na pH nyere) | = | mfu na rubles / ha |
Nitrogen (ammonium nitrate)
Mfu na rubles / ha = 13000* 0,296* (100-77) = 885,0 rubles / ha
Phosphorus (ammophos)
Mfu na rubles / ha = 26450* 0,192* (100-48) = 2640,7 rubles / ha
Potassium (potassium chloride)
Mfu na rubles / ha = 18000* 0,4* (100-80) = 1440 rubles / ha
Mkpokọta: 4965,7 rub/ha
Na ngụkọta oge, anyị adịghị ewere n'ime akaụntụ losses si enweghị calcium oriri na-edozi na acidic Ona, nke na-kwupụtara na enweghị mkpụrụ na deterioration na àgwà nke tubers: ukwuu susceptibility mmerụ n'oge owuwe ihe ubi, hollowness na voids nke tubers. cracking, adịghị ike akpụkpọ, wdg, ma ihe niile a budata emetụta na-eri okokụre ngwaahịa.
Enwere ụzọ ọpụpụ - ala liming, nke ugbu a na-enweta ọtụtụ nlebara anya na ọkwa steeti. Nsogbu nke liming omenala mara onye ọ bụla: ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwa ngwa dị elu (5-10 t / ha) na-eme ka usoro a dị ike ma dị oke ọnụ, mgbanwe nke ngwa na ịdị n'otu nke nkesa dị ala, a na-ahụ mmetụta kachasị elu mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị. wee belata nke ukwuu, ịdị mma nke ihe lime dịnụ na-ahapụkwa ọtụtụ ihe achọrọ.
Ngwaahịa ọhụrụ apụtala na ahịa Russia nke nwere ike dozie nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa na nke ọma. Nke a bụ Omya Calciprill® - calcium fatịlaịza maka oriri na-edozi na ala reclamation na adaba granular ụdị. Ahụhụ Ultrafine nwere ọrụ dị elu na-achịkwa pH nke ọma ma na-eduga na nzaghachi ngwa ngwa nke ihe ọkụkụ. Naanị ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na fatịlaịza Omya ndị ọzọ Calciprill® etinyere tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, n'oge ịgha mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ na osisi vegetative. Enwere ike iji ya mgbe liming ọdịnala gasịrị, tupu mmalite nke mmetụta nke wayo, dị ka fatịlaịza na-eme ngwa ngwa nke na-agbanwe pH 3-4 izu mgbe ngwa ngwa, na mgbe mmalite nke mmetụta, dị ka ọgwụ na-edozi.
Ihe bara uru:
Ọnụ ngwa ngwa dị ala sitere na 250 ruo 1000 kg / ha
N'ịkwado nnabata na iji fatịlaịza isi
Neutralization nke nnukwu ebe ekele maka nnukwu kọntaktị elu
Ịkwalite nhazi ala, porosity na mgbochi mmiri
Ibelata ọdịnaya nke ụdị aluminom na-egbu egbu na ala
Ọ dị mfe itinye na mgbasa ozi ọkọlọtọ.
Ya mere, iji usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ maka ịhazi acidity nke ala na usoro nri maka nduku ga-atụnye ụtụ na mmụba na-adigide na mkpụrụ na àgwà ngwaahịa.
Ikike nke Mgbasa Ozi