Sergey Banadysev, Dọkịta nke Nkà Mmụta Ọrụ Ugbo, Isi nke mmemme ozuzu nke Doka-Gene Teknụzụ LLC
Ihe omuma a bu obere ihe sitere na akwukwo S.A. Banadysev "Nchekwa nke poteto mkpụrụ", bipụtara na obere mbipụta naanị ọnwa abụọ gara aga.
Akwụkwọ a na-achịkọta ma na-enyocha ozi ụwa nke oge a gbasara nkọwapụta na ntọala usoro iwu, teknụzụ dị elu na nke na-ekwe nkwa maka ịchekwa poteto mkpụrụ. Ụkpụrụ na njirimara nke iji ụzọ nkà na ụzụ dị iche iche na usoro iji hụ na nchekwa dị elu nke ngwaahịa kwadoro. A na-enye ndụmọdụ maka iwepụ nsogbu n'oge nchekwa. A na-enyocha arụmọrụ akụ na ụba na nloghachi na ntinye ego na teknụzụ nchekwa ogologo oge dị elu.
Akwụkwọ a ga-aba uru nye onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị na isiokwu nke ịhazi nchekwa nduku. Dị ka onye edemede ahụ si kwuo: "Nghọta ọkachamara nke ndị ọrụ nchịkwa na ndị ọkachamara nke ụlọ ọrụ nduku banyere ihe dị iche iche nke nchekwa nchekwa na iji ike nke ngwá ọrụ nkà na ụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-eme ka mmụba dị ukwuu na àgwà poteto mkpụrụ na ọkwa nke mmepụta mkpụrụ nduku."
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ dị peeji 292.
Ọdịnaya:
1. Physico-ndụ atụmatụ na Filiks n'oge nchekwa nke mkpụrụ nduku (p. 6-69): mkpa nke àgwà mkpụrụ nduku, poteto dị ka ihe nchekwa, theoretical ntọala nke nduku nchekwa, physiological afọ nke mkpụrụ ihe onwunwe.
2. Ụzọ nkà na ụzụ nke ịchekwa nduku mkpụrụ (p. 70-171): nkwadebe nke mkpụrụ osisi maka nchekwa, usoro ventilashion na-arụ ọrụ, oyi teknụzụ, ikuku humidification na kpo oku, njikwa germination na germination, isi ọrụ nkà na ụzụ.
3. Ịrụ ọrụ nke nchekwa mkpụrụ nduku (p. 172-281): ihe ize ndụ na ịchịkwa nsogbu nchekwa, ọrịa na mmebi nke tubers n'oge nchekwa, ịdị ọcha nchekwa, ọkwa nkà na ụzụ nke nchekwa, akụnụba nke nchekwa.
I kwesịghị iji ihu iru mmiri ọzọ mgbe ị na-echekwa poteto mkpụrụ. Nduku tubers, site n'enyemaka nke iku ume na iku ume ozugbo na izu ike, na-emepụta ikuku ikuku dị mma na oghere intertuber - 92-93%. Ọzọkwa, a na-edekọ ihe ngosi ndị a na ọkpụrụkpụ nke embankment n'ụzọ nkịtị 7-10 nkeji mgbe nkwụsị nke ventilashion na-arụ ọrụ, na ọ bụ naanị mgbanwe dị ntakịrị n'okpuru mmetụta nke iru mmiri nke ikuku n'ime ụlọ nchekwa (na omimi nke 0,4-0,5). m n'otu ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'akụkụ elu nke embankment). Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere nhazi onwe onye nke usoro iru mmiri n'oge nchekwa nduku.
N'ihi ya, mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ventilashion usoro, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche ihe onwunwe a na ghara igbochi iku ume ngwaahịa osisi na-egosiputa ha pụta ụwa eke Njirimara, mgbe na-enye nchebe site na mpụga mmetụta na ịnọgide na-enwe a nkà na ụzụ usoro okpomọkụ ọchịchị. Na-aga n'ihu ventilashion na akọrọ ikuku ga-n'ezie, na-eduga na-achọghị mmiri ọnwụ si tubers na ọnwụ nke turgor (okpokoro 1). N'ime oge nchekwa niile, ewezuga oge ihicha, ikuku ikuku kwesịrị ime naanị dị ka ọ dị mkpa na oke oke.
Ntọala 1. Mfu mmiri site na tubers nduku na ike ikuku dị iche iche yana ọkwa iru mmiri dị iche iche nke ikuku eji
iru mmiri 90% | iru mmiri 75% | |
35 | 0.047 | 0.097 |
70 | 0.093 | 0.192 |
105 | 0.138 | 0.286 |
Ogologo oge nchekwa, mgbe oke mmiri adịghị mkpa ka ewepụ ya na tubers, bụ ọnwa isii (site na November ruo April). Nke a bụ awa 4320. Iji rụchaa ọrụ niile, oge ọkọlọtọ nke ikuku anaghị agafe awa 200. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ị okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ a, ọ na-apụta na 90% nke oge nchekwa ngwaahịa na-ezu ike, nke pụtara na ọnọdụ dị mma na iru mmiri dị mma nke poteto n'onwe ha kere. Ya mere, ọbụlagodi mgbe ị na-eji ikuku kpọrọ nkụ maka ventilashion, oke ibu na-abawanye site na 1% kacha.. Ihe bụ isi bụ ime usoro ikuku ventilashị maka obere oge.
Ịkwesịrị ịghọta na iru mmiri dị n'elu 80% dị mma ma ọ dịghị eduga na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke tubers na obere oge ventilashion. Iru mmiri ikuku n'oge nchekwa nduku n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke Russian Federation adịghị oke egwu - 75-88%okpokoro 2) ma tụnyere iru mmiri ikuku na ebe nchekwa na Central Germany.
okpokoro 2 . Nkezi iru mmiri ikuku kwa ọnwa,%
Mpaghara | |||||||||
Septemba | october | November | Disemba | Jenụwarị | February | ije | april | Ike | |
Kaliningrad mpaghara | 82 | 85 | 87 | 87 | 85 | 84 | 80 | 75 | 72 |
Leningrad mpaghara. | 81 | 84 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 84 | 78 | 72 | 65 |
Smolensk mpaghara | 83 | 86 | 89 | 89 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 77 | 71 |
Mpaghara Moscow | 80 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 81 | 77 | 69 | 66 |
Bryansk mpaghara | 77 | 83 | 88 | 88 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 73 | 66 |
Lipetsk mpaghara | 71 | 80 | 86 | 87 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 72 | 60 |
Sverdlovsk mpaghara. | 76 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 78 | 75 | 74 | 67 | 58 |
Germany center. | 79 | 82 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 79 | 76 | 73 |
Gịnị kpatara ntụnyere a? Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ndị ọkachamara German na ngalaba nchekwa nduku na-ewere na ọ bụ ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị iji mmiri ọzọ na-echekwa poteto na, karịsịa, poteto mkpụrụ. Na ha anaghị atụlekwa isiokwu nke hydration. Ọ dabere na akụrụngwa ihu igwe dị, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume iji ikuku dị n'èzí nwere oke iru mmiri zuru oke maka ikuku. N'abalị, iru mmiri ikuku dị na mmiri na ụbịa na-abawanye site na 20% ma e jiri ya tụnyere awa ehihie, n'oge oyi, na obere okpomọkụ - site na 10%okpokoro 3).
Ntọala 3. Ikuku ikuku dị n'ụbọchị n'oge nchekwa nduku,% (na etiti etiti Germany)
Sep. | Ọkt. | Mana m. | Dec. | Jan. | Febụwarị. | March | Eprel. | |
1 | 89 | 89 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 85 | 85 |
3 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 86 |
5 | 91 | 90 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 |
7 | 89 | 90 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 87 |
9 | 79 | 84 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 82 | 77 |
11 | 69 | 74 | 81 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 74 | 69 |
13 | 64 | 69 | 77 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 69 | 64 |
15 | 63 | 69 | 79 | 82 | 80 | 77 | 68 | 62 |
17 | 67 | 75 | 84 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 71 | 64 |
19 | 78 | 83 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 77 | 71 |
21 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 82 | 79 |
23 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 87 | 84 | 83 |
Ihe puru omume inwe ikuku iru mmiri nke ukwuu maka ventilashion na Germany kariri 30%, i.e. Nke a bụ ike ndọda nke oge nke ụbọchị na iru mmiri 91-100% (Isiokwu nke 4)
Tebụl 4. Ihe puru omume nke oge na iru mmiri ikuku, % (na etiti Germany)
iru mmiri dị ala,% | Месяц | |||||||
Sep. | Ọkt. | Mana m. | Dec. | Jan. | Febụwarị. | Mar. | Eprel. | |
Ruo 50 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 12 |
51-60 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 10 |
61-70 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 13 |
71-80 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 15 |
81-90 | 22 | 26 | 33 | 36 | 35 | 32 | 25 | 21 |
91-100 | 33 | 37 | 37 | 40 | 38 | 38 | 30 | 29 |
Enweghị ozi ziri ezi dị otú ahụ na mpaghara nke Russian Federation na mpaghara ọha, ma e bipụtala tebụl maka ụbọchị ịdekọ nke ikuku ikuku dị elu karịa 80%. Na mpaghara Kaliningrad nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'oge oge nchekwa, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a dị na 10-22, na mpaghara Sverdlovsk dị egwu - 4-18 ụbọchị kwa ọnwa (karịa n'oge oyi, obere n'April-May). Ma ndị a bụ nkezi kwa ụbọchị, ọdịiche dị n'etiti ehihie na abalị bụ iru mmiri doro anya. Nke a pụtara na n'iji nlezianya na-achịkwa ọrụ nke onye na-ehicha ihe, ihe onwunwe nke iru mmiri ikuku zuru oke maka ikuku ventilation nchekwa nduku.
Ọ bụrụ na, n'okpuru mmetụta nke mgbasa ozi sitere na ndị na-ebu ngwá ọrụ na mgbe ị na-enyocha ihe ngosi ndị a, a ka nwere ọchịchọ ịwụnye humidifiers na nchekwa mkpụrụ nduku, mgbe ahụ, anyị nwere ike ịkwado nlezianya nyochaa ọnọdụ maka mmepe nke ọrịa nchekwa na atụnyere ihe ize ndụ nke ịla n'iyi. otu pasent nke arọ na ọnwụ nke àgwà mkpụrụ ihe onwunwe.
Ọkwa nke iru mmiri dị n'ime ebe nchekwa ekwesịghị ịkpasu condensation n'ime ime ogige na n'elu ngwaahịa. Ikuku iru mmiri ga-enwerịrị okpomọkụ n'okpuru okpomọkụ nke embankment tupu abanye ya, ka condensation ghara ime. Ịkwado ebe nchekwa na humidifiers na Russia na-eduga ná nsonaazụ agwakọta, n'ihi na n'oge oyi enwere okpomọkụ dị ala karịa na Western Europe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkezi okpomọkụ January na Germany bụ -1,2о C, na mpaghara Sverdlovsk -16,2оС. Mgbe iru mmiri ikuku dị elu na okpomọkụ dị ala, usoro nchekwa ahụ, ikuku dị n'ime ebe nchekwa, ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa n'onwe ya na-ajụkarị oyi n'okpuru ebe igirigi, na-ebute condensation. Mmebi sitere na condensation abụghị nke dị ala, kama karịa mmebi sitere na mbelata ibu. Ya mere, akara nke elu ịgba nke ikuku saturation na mmiri, igirigi ebe, mgbe niile equalization nke okpomọkụ na na gburugburu uka nke ngwaahịa bụ ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama ihe na-amụba nchekwa arụmọrụ. Ojiji nke iru mmiri dị mkpa mgbe ị na-echekwa poteto teknụzụ na oke okpomọkụ, mana n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a na-anabata ya na ebe nchekwa nke ọma nwere ikike ijikwa ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'ime oke n'okpuru 0,5 Celsius. Ọ bụghị ihe amamihe dị na ya iji humidification mgbe ị na-echekwa poteto mkpụrụ na batches nke poteto okpokoro ebe enwere ihe ize ndụ nke mmepe ọrịa.