Ndị ọkachamara sitere na ụlọ ọrụ August gwara anyị nke ọrịa osisi kpatara mmebi ọrụ ugbo Russia kacha njọ n'afọ a. Ihu igwe mmiri na oyi na-atụ n'ọtụtụ mpaghara akpalitela mmepe ngwa ngwa nke nje bacteria nduku, nke nwere ike ịnapụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ihe ubi. Ophiobosis nke ọka wit na-agbasa ngwa ngwa n'ọhịa - n'afọ a, e dekọrọ ọrịa fungal ọ bụghị naanị na ndịda, kamakwa na Central Black Earth Region. Mfefe nke mmiri dị na mpaghara Kursk na mpaghara ndị agbata obi kwere ka mildew powdery merụọ ntị nke ọka. N'otu oge ahụ, isi nsogbu nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na Southern Federal District - oké ọkọchị - ejedebela mgbasa nke ọrịa ọka kachasị dị ize ndụ - fusarium, nke n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị nwere ike ime ka ọka na-egbu egbu n'ihi mycotoxins. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ahịa nke fungicides sitere na 10 ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ na-egbu egbu na Russia na ọkara mbụ nke 2020 ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge ahụ na 2019 mụbara site na ijeri 17 ruo ijeri 21 rubles (ewezuga VAT): ndị ọrụ ugbo na-emefu ego na-abawanye ụba. nọgide na-enwe nnukwu mkpụrụ .
N'afọ 2020, ndị na-emepụta ugbo sitere na mpaghara Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, na Bryansk chere ntiwapụ nke nje nje nduku ihu ọzọ, nke nwere ihe ruru ụdị 7. Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na-ekwenye na isi ihe kpatara mmepe nke ọrịa bụ obere ihe mkpụrụ osisi dị na Russia: ndị ọrụ ugbo na-azụkarị poteto ndị butere ibe ha, na-abawanye mpaghara ha. Ndị ọrụ ugbo ahụ na-elebawanye anya n'ịdị mma ngwaahịa taa na-elele ihe mkpụrụ osisi 50-70 tupu ịzụrụ, mana nyocha anya na-enyere aka ebipụ naanị ụdị ire ere.
"Taa, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịchọpụta ọrịa nje na-adịghị ala ala site na iji ụzọ GOST nyere, nke mkpụrụ nduku ga-agbasorịrị," ka Dmitry Belov, onye isi ngalaba mmepe ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ Avgust na-ekwu. - Akụkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọrịa nwere ike ịmalite site na mmepe nke azuokokoosisi - site na nne tuber ma ọ bụ ọbụna site na tuber ọhụrụ. Blackleg, nke nje bacteria sitere na genera Pectobacterium na Dickeya kpatara, bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma bụrụkwa nke a na-ahụkarị n'ugbo ndị mmadụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọrịa na-apụta na ogbo seedling, ma mkpụrụ osisi nwere ike ọ gaghị apụta - anyị hụrụ ihe omume a na ọtụtụ hectare na mpaghara Moscow afọ atọ gara aga. Nsogbu a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, mana n'afọ a, a na-akpọkarị nje bacteria n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe - oke mmiri na mmiri dị jụụ na mpaghara ndị na-eto eto nduku. Nduku nje bacteria na-emetụta nwere ike 'ịwụpụ' n'oge nchekwa - mgbe ụfọdụ nke a na-eme ụlọ nkwakọba ihe niile.
Na South Federal District nke oge a enwere ntiwapụ nke ophiobolosis ọka wit. Nke a bụ ọrịa fungal nke nwere nnukwu windo mmebi nke ihe ubi: ọ nwere ike igosipụta onwe ya site na usoro nke atọ na oge ịkụ mkpụrụ (obere ome na ọka) na-agba agba, na-eduga na nkwụsị nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ. , karịsịa, ntị na-eto eto. Ọrịa ahụ siri ike ịmata: na ọkwa mbụ ọ na-enwe mgbagwoju anya na rhizoctonia mgbọrọgwụ ire ere, nke na-emetụta ihe ọkụkụ na Southern Federal District n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, nke na-emebi usoro mgbọrọgwụ ma na-eme ka ihe oriri nke osisi dịkwuo njọ, ma. ihe ga-esi na ya pụta bụ naanị nke a. Ophiobosis n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ na-akpata nnukwu mfu, na mmebi sitere na ya nwere ike iru ihe ruru 30% nke ihe ọkụkụ. Ọrịa ahụ na-agbasa ngwa ngwa n'ọhịa - ihe dịka 10% nke mpaghara ahụ na-ebute ọrịa kwa afọ. Nsogbu a na-ahụkarị maka mpaghara Stavropol, ọ na-akawanye njọ na mpaghara Krasnodar, na 2019-2020. A malitere idekọ ikpe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na Central Black Earth Region.
Mgbasa nke ọrịa ahụ, kọwara ndị ọkachamara si August ụlọ ọrụ, na-facited isi site akuku adiana mebiri, mgbe ọka kụrụ na-okokpon n'otu ebe kwa afọ. Enweghị ụzọ kemịkalụ dị irè nke nchebe megide ophiobolosis, mana ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-atụ aro igbochi mmepe ya na ọgwụ nje na iji fungicides megide nje ndị ọzọ na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi - mgbochi nke osisi na-enweghị ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-anagide ophiobolism nke ọma.
N'afọ a na mpaghara Kursk, Oryol, Bryansk, Kaliningrad na Voronezh, yana Republic of Bashkortostan, nwere nsogbu na powdery mildew, nke a na-ewerekarị otu n'ime ọrịa ọka ọka. A na-achọta ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe niile na mkpụrụ osisi oyi ma na-etolite n'ọnọdụ nke oke ihe ọkụkụ, obere okpomọkụ, na nri zuru oke nke mmiri na fatịlaịza. Site na mmụba nke okpomọkụ na mbelata nke mmiri mmiri, na-emekarị na May, ọrịa ahụ "na-apụ" n'onwe ya - karịsịa na ndịda Russia. Ma n'afọ a, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mpaghara Kursk, oke mmiri adịghị ebelata, ọrịa ahụ malitere ịbịakwute ntị na ndị ọrụ ugbo aghaghị ịmalite ọgwụgwọ fungicidal. Otu ihe kpatara na mpaghara ndị dị n'elu nyere aka na mmepe soybean downy mildew - ọrịa a nwere ike imebi ihe ruru 20% nke ihe ọkụkụ.
Ịgha mkpụrụ nke sunflower ugboro ugboro n'otu mpaghara na-akpalite ọdịdị nke ọrịa dị ka nchara, Phomopsis, mildew downy, yana ire ere dị iche iche - sclerotinia, botrytis. Na omenala, nje nchara na-ahụkarị maka mpaghara Samara, Saratov, Voronezh na Volgograd, na 2020 usoro mgbasa nke ha agbanwebeghị.
Otú ọ dị, ihe pụrụ iche onu n'oge a bụ ndị na-abụghị nje sunflower ọrịa, ya bụ okpomọkụ ọkụ: akụkụ nke osisi nwụrụ n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe pụtara ìhè mere, na ule egosighi na ọnụnọ nke nje mmadụ. A na-ahụ nke a ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe niile - site na Stavropol ruo Volgograd.
Ọrịa ọzọ, nke a na-ahụ anya nke a chọpụtara na 2020, bụ nchara agwa, nke mebiri ihe ọkụkụ sitere na Central Black Earth Region ruo Altai.
"Nchara na-apụta dị ka ntụpọ oroma-agba aja aja na epupụta nke ihe ọkụkụ, na n'oge owuwe ihe ubi n'ubi agwa nwere ọrịa, ezigbo ígwé ojii nke spores na-ebili n'azụ ngwakọta. Nke a bụkwa ọrịa fungal, nke ntiwapụ ya bụ nke mmiri mmiri na-akpata n'ọtụtụ ebe. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, o gosipụtara onwe ya ọbụna na ọnọdụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na mpaghara ndị ahụ ebe "nchekwa" nke ọrịa dị elu, dị ka o mere, karịsịa, na Altai," ka Dmitry Belov na-ekwu.
N'ozuzu, ọkachamara na-ekwu na isi nsogbu maka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na 2020 abụghị ọrịa osisi, kama ụkọ mmiri ozuzo. Site n'ụzọ, ọ bụ kpọmkwem n'ihi nke a n'afọ a, ihe ọkụkụ ahụ enwetaghị ọrịa dị ize ndụ dị ka fusarium, nke nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ibelata ibu ọka, kamakwa mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe ize ndụ nye ahụike n'ihi mycotoxins. Oge ikpebi maka mmepe nke fusarium bụ mmiri n'oge okooko ọka wit - n'ụdị mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ igirigi. Ma n'ọnọdụ ebe enweghị mmiri ozuzo ma ọlị, enweghị ọnọdụ maka ọrịa. Na mbụ, ọrịa a mebiri ihe ubi na Kuban, Stavropol Territory, na otu mpaghara nke Central Black Earth Region, na Altai - kpọmkwem ebe oké ọkọchị na-achị n'oge a.
N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị ọkachamara sitere na ụlọ ọrụ August na-ekwu na n'ógbè ebe enwere mmiri zuru ezu (nke a bụ, karịsịa, mpaghara Moscow, Smolensk, na Bryansk), a hụrụ ebe obibi nke ihe ọkụkụ oyi. Nke a n'onwe ya abụghị ọrịa: ọka na-agbada mgbe, n'okpuru nri dị mma, a na-emepụta ntị siri ike, ma n'ihi oke mmiri, mkpụrụ ndụ nke azuokokoosisi nọ n'ọnọdụ adịghị ike ma ọ nweghị ike iguzogide ifufe. Iji gbochie nke a, ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji ndị na-ahụ maka uto uto na-ebelata ma mee ka azuokokoosisi sie ike site n'itinye internodes ala nso n'ebe ibe ha nọ. Ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị usoro, mgbe ahụ, mgbe ihe ọkụkụ na-abanye, ọka "na-agbapụta" ma ọ bụ na-amalite ịmalite ozugbo na ntị, na ịdị nso nke ọka na ala dị ka isi iyi nke ọrịa na-ebute ọrịa.
N'akụkụ azụ nke mmụba nke ọrịa osisi achọpụtara, pụtara ịlụso ha ọgụ - fungicides - na-emeri ahịa ụlọ ngwa ngwa. Ya mere, dị ka 10 kasị ukwuu na-emepụta pesticide na Russia, ahịa nke fungicides na ọkara mbụ nke 2020 ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge otu afọ tupu mgbe ahụ mụbara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ - site na 17 ijeri na 21 ijeri rubles (ewezuga VAT). Maka ntụnyere: ngụkọta ahịa nke pesticides na ọkara mbụ nke afọ mụbara site na 18% - site na ijeri 65 ruo 77 ijeri rubles (ewezuga VAT).
"Ahịa maka fungicides - ọgwụ megide ọrịa osisi - na-agbasawanye mgbe niile," ka Dmitry Belov na-ekwu. – Na Europe, na ego okwu, ọ bụ ibu karịa ahịa nke igbo akara ngwaahịa - herbicides, ebe na Russia ọ bụ ha ahịa ka budata na-emeri na nke a dum. Na mba Europe nwere oke ọrụ ugbo, a na-eme ọgwụgwọ fungicidal 4 kwa oge. Na Russia, n'afọ gara aga ọnụ ọgụgụ a hà nhata 1,5, ikekwe n'afọ a, ọ ga-abịaru nso 2. Taa, ndị ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ na-emeziwanye ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nke ihe ọkụkụ ma na-elekwasị anya na iwebata ụdị dị elu dị iche iche na-emegide ọrịa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. , ma oke na mkpụrụ dị iche iche. Nke a na-enye anyị ohere ibu amụma na ahịa fungicides ga-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, ma n'ihe gbasara ịbawanye mpaghara a na-agwọ yana ugboro ole a na-agwọ ya. "
Ihe enyere site na ọrụ pịa nke ụlọ ọrụ "August"